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ReasoningReasoningBy Carmen Villagran

Communication Critical Thinking

Reasoning:Reasoning:

“Is the process of creating or generating conclusions from evidence or premises”.

… “constructs a logical

or logical connection between the Evidence and the Contention”.

ReasoningReasoning

“Inductive Reasoning:Is the process that how we create generalizations”

“Deductive ReasoningIs the process to how we apply those generalizations”

“Inductive reasoning allows humans to create generalizations about people, events, and things in Their environment. There are five ways to do this”

“Inductive reasoning allows humans to create generalizations about people, events, and things in Their environment. There are five ways to do this”

Inductive ReasoningInductive Reasoning

By example

By cause

By comparison

By authority

By sign

Casual Reasoning:Casual Reasoning:

“Is base in the idea that for every action there is a reaction” There are

Two forms of casual reasoning: Cause

Effect

Effect

Cause

Cause is capable of producing some unknown effect

Some known effect have been produced by some unknown cause

Sign ReasoningSign Reasoning

“The existence of any characteristic is a signal that something else exist”.

“Other substance/attribute relationship must be considered”

“Cumulative sign reasoning produces a more probable connection”

Tests of signreasoning:

Comparison Reasoning

Comparison Reasoning

Figurative Comparisons

Figurative Comparisons

Reasoning

From authority

Literal Comparisons

“Reasoning by analogy”

“ attempt to link similarities between two cases from different classifications”

“ attempt to establish a link between similar classifications”

“Is used when a person argues that a particular claim is justified because it is held or advocated by a credible source”

Deductive ReasoningDeductive Reasoning

“Is the process of reasoning from general statements to a certain and logical conclusion related to that conclusion”

1. Major premise2. Minor premise, and 3. A Conclusion

…Is called a Syllogism

Fallacy:“Is an error in reasoning”Fallacy:“Is an error in reasoning”

“A fallacy is an argument that sometimes fools human reasoning, but is not logically valid”

Where I found this information?Where I found this information?

“Communicating Critical Thinking” by Jack Sterk/Jim Marteney

“Communicating Critical Thinking” by Jack Sterk/Jim Marteney

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Thank You!Thank You!