@reyjunco

inequalities bigdata

prediction self-regulation

gender multitasking

identity sexting

methods development

1. Engagement 2. Social & Academic Integration 3. Facebook Research 4. Big Data (?)

Overview

Engagement

Astin

The amount of physical and psychological energy that the student

devotes to the academic experience

The amount of student learning and development associated with an educational program is directly

related to the quality and quantity of student engagement in that program

In-Class &

Co-Curricular

Academic EngagementAcademic Work

Academic Experience

Critical ThinkingAnalytic Competencies

Intellectual Development

Social EngagementClass Discussions

With FacultyAcademic Community

Psychosocial AdjustmentMaturity

Co-curricular EngagementRetention

Educational AttainmentNontraditional Careers for Women

Positive social self-concept

Engagement Research

Tinto

Academic &

Social Integration

Academic performance and faculty/staff interactions

Academic

Extracurricular activities and peer group interactions

Social

Digital Inequalities

More Likely To Less Likely To

Women

post photostag photos

view photoscomment on contentpost status updates

African Americans check up on friendstag photos

Lower SES post status updates

tag photospost photos

send private messagesview photoscomment

check up on friendspost videos

create/RSVP to eventsview videos

chat

Research Questions

Is there a relationship between Facebook use and indices of student

engagement?

Methods

Danger! Survey Methods!

Danger! Survey Methods!

Indices of Engagement• Student engagement as measured by a

19-item instrument based on the NSSE

• Self-reported time spent in co-curricular activities

• Self-reported time spent preparing for class

Engagement Instrument

Reliability &

Validity

Reliability relationship between

observed and true score

Construct Validity how well does

instrument measure construct?

“This survey was reliable and valid.”

Cannot interpret reliability as a

measure of validity

Internal consistency Cronbach’s 𝛂 = .80

Construct validity Significant correlation with time spent in co-curricular

activities

Facebook Use

• Average time spent daily on Facebook

• Time spent on Facebook “yesterday”

• Average number of times Facebook checked per day

• Number of times Facebook checked “yesterday”

• Frequency with which they conducted 14 Facebook activities

Instrument

Students say they spend 145 minutes/day on Facebook

They actually spend 26 minutes/day on Facebook

Data Analyses

Hierarchical Regression

Curve Estimation

Results

2,368 respondents 44% response rate representative of

institution

Predictor Outcome

Creating or RSVPing to Events (.136)

Scale Co-Curricular Time

Commenting (.116) Scale Co-Curricular Time

Male (.106) Scale Co-Curricular Time

Viewing Photos (.086) Co-Curricular Time

Advanced Graduate Degree (.072) Scale

FBTime (.050) Co-Curricular Time

Predictor Outcome

Playing Games (.118) Scale Co-Curricular Time

Posting Photos (.102) Co-Curricular Time

FB Chat (.098) Preparing for class

Male (.095) Preparing for class

FBTime (.090) Scale

Checking Up on Friends (.088)

Scale Co-Curricular Time

FBCheck (.068) Scale

Parental High School Degree (.051) Co-Curricular Time

Positive Negative

what does it mean?

so what?

Micro

Astin’s Theory• Quality and quantity of Facebook use is

related to construct of student engagement

• Facebook use is related to engagement in offline settings

• Communicative FB activities related to engagement

Limitations• Cross-sectional and correlational

EngagementFacebook

Time

Self Regulation

EngagementFacebook

Time

Self Regulation

Limitations• Cross-sectional and correlational

• Variance predicted by models 2-6%

• Self-report measures

Macro• Facebook usage data can be used to

predict educational outcomes

• Use of Facebook is not necessarily bad, nor good

• Facebook use is reflective of offline

The End?

Extraverted

Conscientious

Facebook PM

FB Chat Viewing Photos

Checking Up Posting Photos

Extraverted

Neurotic

I’m done