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FAULTY RADIOGRAPHS Melbia Shiny Sobhanam

Faulty radiographs

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Page 1: Faulty     radiographs

FAULTY RADIOGRAPHS

Melbia Shiny Sobhanam

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Good quality radiographs should have:

Image with optimum density & contrast.

Image with minimum distortion. Image with sharp borders &

maximum details.

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Various reasons for faulty radiographs

1)Errors in operating the machine.2)Errors in techniques.3)Errors in processing & mounting.

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Kvp – speed, penetration power, energy of Xray photons .

mA – amount , intensity of current .

S - time of current flow.

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Errors in operating the machine

Lighter radiographs (underexposed/ underdeveloped radiographs).

Exposure time less < KVp underdeveloped

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Darker films (overexposed /overdeveloped /high density)

Exposure time >. Higher Kilovoltage peak. (burn out

effect) Over developed.

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Errors in technique

Improper manipulation /bending of film .

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Phalangioma.

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Cone cut/partial image.

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Apical ends cut off.

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Crown cut off

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Region of interest not shown

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Tipping/tilting of occlusal plane

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Dot artifact

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Blurring

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Image shape distortion.

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Tyre track/herring bone pattern

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Double image

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Size distortion/less vertical angulation/ elongation

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More vertical angulation shortening

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Improper horizontal angulation.

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Cervical burn out/adumbration:

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Ornamental artifact

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Foreign body/restorative material

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Errors in processing

Exposure of film in day light.

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Contaminated film with developer before processing/developer spots.

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Contaminated film with fixer before processing/fixer spots.

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Film dropped into developer

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Film dropped into fixer

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Standard dark room principle Developer solution - left Water - middle Fixer solution - right

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Film incompletely immersed in developer solution /developer cut off

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Dust in developer solution

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Film incompletely immersed in fixer solution/fixer cut off

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Dust in fixer

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Use of expired film

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Improper washing of films

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Warping of film

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Improper position of hanger

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Scratches on film

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Writing on film

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Film fog light fog radiation fog chemical fog deterioration of film

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Finger nail artifact - dark cresent shaped

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Improper drying

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Black streaks

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Smuge/finger prints touched by fingers

contaminated by developer/fluoride.

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Over lapped films

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Air bells

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Reticulation/orange peel appearance

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Static electricity/grass root/tree like/lightening marks

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Frilling hot processing solution

Dark flow marks vigorous agitation.

Crimping artifact remove from film holder.

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Errors in OPG1)Ghost image is a radiopaque artifact

produced when radiodense object is penetrated twice.

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2)Lead apron artifact cone shaped artifact

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Thyroid collar

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3)Lips not closed dark radiolucent shadow

that obscuresanterior teeth.

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4)Tongue not in contact with palate/palatoglossal air space

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5)Frankfort plane upward

R L

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6)Frankfort plane downwards

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7)Teeth position anterior to focal trough

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8)Teeth position posterior to focal trough

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9)Midsagittal plane not centered

R L

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10)Position of spine/spine shadow ghost

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11)Blurring – due to patient movement

R

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Bibliography

1)Diagnostic imaging of jaws Langland & Langlais.

2)Oral radiology White & Pharoah .3) Essentials of dental radiology Eric Whaites.4)Manuel of dental & oral radiology john wright. 5)Fundamental of dental radiology Manson &

Hing.6)Radiology for dental professionals Stabulus

Savage.7)Radiogra phic imaging for dental auxillaries

Miles ,Dis & Jensen.

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