Submitted to :Dr. Thomas Abraham

Submitted by :Group no.V (6th Sem.)

Shilpi Amita topno : 10BSCAG032Ankita Tirkey : 10BSCAG039Shraddha Suman : 10BSCAGO60Aparna Priya : 10BSCAGO80Harshita Khare : 10BSCAG087Anand Singh : 10BSCAG104Amit Kamlakar : 10BSCAG115Vishnu Karun : 10BSCAG128Mohd. Shabi : 10BSCAG132Ankita Mandal : 10BSCAG139Nanda KR. Maharjan : 10BSCAG151

INTRODUCTION

•Forest gardening - it is a lowmaintenance sustainable plant-based foodproduction and agroforestry system basedon woodland ecosystems.•Incorporate fruit and nut trees, shrubs, herbs,vines and perennial vegetables whichhave yields directly useful to humans.•A forest garden is a garden modelled on a naturalwoodland.

It has 3 layers of vegetation:Trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants.

The plants in a forest garden are mainlyperennial, which gives the system its long-termnature.Many of the plants which are used aremultipurpose; they may have a main function orhave a number of other uses.Plants are also mixed to a large degree, so thereare few large blocks or areas of a single species,and each species is grown close to many othersin ways that are mutually beneficial.

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It is a food productionsystem based onreplicating woodlandecosystems to growfruits, trees, bushes,shrubs, herbs and

vegetables, medicinalplants, fibre that aredirectly useful topeople.

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Food security - growing a wide variety of food

plants in your backgarden means that you have a

steady supply of fresh food that is independent of

price fluctuations, fuel availability, failed harvests

etc.

Because the food is produced close to the point

of use there are no transport costs and there are

no energy costs associated with industrialised

farming.

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Low labour requirements - once established theplants need little maintenance because theyare perennial.Because it is close at hand, you can observe itcarefully and make small interventions whenneeded.It is something that can be managed in a fewhours a week. This means anyone can maintaina forest garden in their spare time.

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Water - deep rooted trees can access water fromfar below ground so there is little need forwatering once established.

The network of roots at different levels absorbwater quickly and prevent rapid runoff, reducingthe chance of flooding.

Cleanliness.

Weeding.

Pruning.

Thinning.

Avoid animal grazing.

•Kannur district in Keralashows utmost interest inpreserving forest gardens.

•The 'Kaavus' or the localtemples possess the glory ofpreserved forests withouthuman encroachment.

•On the other side, theKayyath Naagam is closelyconnected to the Indian wayof worshiping snakes.

It is mainly practiced in raigad district.Here forest home gardening are part ofbroader watershed development initiativeThe fruit plants are planted in pits withproper line fencing.The plants are properly positioned,spaced in terms of soil depth, moisture,nutrients & sunlight.Proper mulching with weeds & grassesreduce water lossWith the progress of watersheddevelopment work in villages, water table,quantity & quality of water also improved

NEPAL•Home gardens are well eshtablished land usesystem in Nepal.•More than 80% of the people who are farmers,practice home garden model.•The average size of home gardens were reportedas 415 sq metres.•However this size is small in terai and larger inhill areas.•A total of 131 species were recorded in thesehome gardens.• It is an important contributors to the

household food security and livelihoods offarming communities in Nepal.

Wet Zone Home Gardens

• average size 0.25ha•Species composition is veryhigh• Soil fertility is very low•Perennial crops are morecommon• Very High sloppy land

Dry Zone Home Gardens

• Average size 0.5 to 1.0 ha• Species composition is low• Water scarcity is major problem• Soil fertility is high• Potential for more crop verities• Very Low sloppy land

HOME GARDENS IN SRI LANKA

Located in Kandy, Matale, Kegalle andRatnapura districts of Sri Lanka

Out of total area 20% consists KFG inKandy district.

Almost same as Tropical Rain ForestStructure

Tree height is around 30 m – 35 m

Many strata – almost 5 canply layers

Litter is very thick

Very low light penitrate to the ground

Soil errosion is very low ‐ simmilar tothe Tropical rain forest

Provide many habitats for wild animals

Animal husbandry – Cattles , Poultry(free range system)

The Forest Gardenprogram was an organicgardening system thathelped to "re-green" ruralcommunities and enhanceforest regeneration

The forest gardenprogram constituted anintegrated multi-sectoralapproach to sustainabledevelopment.

Through the Forest Gardens program, tree and seedling nurseries were

established in 12 communities, propagating a total of 73,308 plants forreforestation—a value estimated at US$52,363.00.

The program benefited hundreds of farm families, enabling them to

improve their livelihoods while practicing sustainable management of their

natural resources.

Forest Gardens farmers were able to sell their produce through Forest

Gardens Shops to several organic products exporters, like Lanka Organics,

Guyapi Tropicales, and Quickshaws Ltd., for premium prices for export-

quality certified products.

The average monthly income, Rs. 3000 per month before the project

started, increased on average by Rs. 824 with the introduction of income

generation activities such as vegetable cultivation, seed collecting

programs, ginger and tumeric cultivation, and plant nursery development.

In Nepal :

locals formed Bhawanipur Forest User'sGroup.Over 65 hectors of open land is plantedwith herb Asparagus aka Americanjersyking as cash crop.Earned over Rs. 72 lakh last year alone.forest has also become a source ofemployment to locals.forest has inspired locals to participate inplantation, protection and scientificmanagement of the forest in their own wayRubber plantation is done in 7 ha land

Why everyone isn't planting forest gardens ???

The idea is still newSkillProven yields.Timescales.Work required.Economics.Scale.Food taste.The “all or nothing” effect.

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There are over 20,000 species of edible plants inworld yet fewer than 20 species now provide 90%of our food.Large areas of land devoted to single cropincreases the dependence upon intervention ofchemicals & intensive control methods with addedthreat of chemicals resistant insect and newdisease.The changing world climate greatly affectingcultivation indicates a greater diversity is needed.We need to use a minimal input of resources &energy, creat a harmonious ecosystem & causeleast possible damage to the environment whileachieving high productivity.

HOW TO MAKE FOREST

GARDEN:

By : Robert Hart.

Forest Gardening

By: John Arden Ferguson.