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This presentation couples statistics about world hunger and malnutrition with statistics about the micronutrients and ecosystem services forests provide, provoking us to consider the question: what is the role of forests in a world of hungry or malnourished people? Post-doc Research Fellow Bronwen Powell gave this presentation at CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at CIFOR’s headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
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THINKING beyond the canopy
Forests and Forest Research forImproved Food Security and
Nutrition
Bronwen PowellPost-doc Research Fellow on Forests and Food Security
Forests and Livelihoods(PhD in Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada)
Presentation at the CIFOR 2012 Annual Meeting
THINKING beyond the canopy
Food Security ↔ Nutrition
Food Security by definition vs. measurement....
Food security exists when all people, at all times,have physical and economic access to sufficient safeand nutritious food to meet their dietary needsand food preferences for a healthy andactive life.
So where does the FAO’s “925 million” come from?
THINKING beyond the canopy
Iron 2 billion people (<30% of
world) are anaemic
Growth and cognitivedevelopment, schoolperformance, workproductivity and maternalmortality
Sources = animal source foods(meats), legumes, leafygreens, fish, fortified cereals
THINKING beyond the canopy
Vitamin A up to 500,000 children go
blind each year from vitaminA deficiency ... half of themdie within 12 months ofgoing blind
Infection and immunity
Sources = liver, leafy greens,orange vegetables (carrots,sweet potato, pumpkin),orange fruit, dairy (includinghuman milk)
THINKING beyond the canopy
Dietary Diversity
And…..
iodine, vitamin B12,
zinc,calcium,
selenium,folate...
THINKING beyond the canopy
Nutrition Transition 1 billion people in the world areover-weight or obese (Yach et al. 2006,Nature)
146 million people in developingworld have diabetes (Yach et al. 2006,Nature)
“Double Burden”
Mandazi: wheat flour, sugar, oil• 1 serving (~80g)= 300kcal + 21g fat• Not a good source of vitamin A, iron, calcium, zinc (and others)
THINKING beyond the canopy
The Role of Forests?
THINKING beyond the canopy
Foods from Forests: Fruits, vegetables, animal foods, fish, mushrooms, honey (Tanzania / Thailand)
Wild Foods for Micronutrients: 31% vitamin A, 26% iron, 23% calcium (Powell et al. in EFN) 37% vitamin A, 17% iron, 30% calcium from Wild Vegetables in Vietnam
(Ogle et al. 2001) Bush meat: loss of wild meat in the diet = 29% increase in children with
anemia (Golden et al. 2011) and work by Nasi, van Vliet, Fa… among others
THINKING beyond the canopy
THINKING beyond the canopy
Ecosystem services / effect of tree cover: Tree cover positively correlated with dietary diversity (Powell 2012) In the dry season tree cover within 2km from the home was associated
with vegetable consumption (Powell 2012) Ickowitz et al. forthcoming...
Market Integration: When forest people move out of forest (Dounias et al. 2007, Dounias and Froment 2006)
PES in Mexico (Ibarra et al. 2011)
Capacity Building / Cross-cutting work: Many call for nutrition as a cross-cutting issue (across edu., agriculture, forestry)
THINKING beyond the canopy
Micronutrients
“The Hidden Hunger”
17% of people in developingcountries are undernourished(FAO)
26.5% of children under 5 indeveloping countries areSTUNTED
Stunting (too short) =chronic growth failureheight for age Z score
(HAZ)
THINKING beyond the canopy
The Role of Forests?
