68
Foundations of Education 1 st Semester AY 2015-2016 THE MEDIEVAL CONCEPT OF SPIRITUAL, INTELLECTUAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC EDUCATION Diwanie R. Perez MAED-E.M Laguna State Polytechnic University

FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Foundations of Education1st Semester AY 2015-2016

THE MEDIEVAL CONCEPT OF SPIRITUAL, INTELLECTUAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC

EDUCATION

Diwanie R.

PerezMAED-E.M

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Page 2: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Topic OutlineMONASTICISMSCHOLASTICISMCHIVALRYTHE GUilD SYSTEM OF

EDUCATION

Page 3: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

History The fall of Rome in 476 A.D. is

considered as the end of ancient times and the start of medieval history. In this period, four educational systems or movements emerged namely: Monasticism, Scholasticism, Chivalry, and the Guild system of education. Each   educational system bears different features and characteristics that greatly influence our today’s Philippine Educational system.

Page 4: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

The medieval concept of education is centered on spiritual, intellectual, political, and economic development.

The Medieval period of philosophy represents a renewed flowering of Western philosophical thought after the intellectual drought of the Dark Ages.

Much of the period is marked by the influence of Christianity and many of the philosophers of the period were greatly concerned with proving the existence of God and reconciling Christianity with classical philosophy.

Page 5: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

Page 6: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

Etymology:

- a special form of religious community life

- people separate themselves from ordinary ways of living

- based on Jesus’ passage "be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is

perfect" Matthew 5:48

Greek word “monos” meaning alone. It is sometimes called

“monaschism” literally means “dwelling alone”.

Page 7: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Monasteries became most influential in 1066-1300. On more than 300 monasteries, the monks educated the children, helped the poor and cared for the sick. By 1500 some were closed down by Henry VII and sold them.

MONASTICISM

Page 8: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

Notable People:* St. Patrick – founded the first Monasticism in Ireland between

AD 432 and 461

* St. Anthony – founder of Christian monasticism

(Father of Monasticism)

Page 9: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

men who adopt a monastic life are called monks while women are

called nuns and live in a convent

MONASTICISM

Page 10: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

The three evangelical counsels or state of perfection:

• poverty (perfect charity)• chastity • obedience

Medieval monastic life consisted of prayer, reading, and manual

labor.

MONASTICISM

Page 11: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Aims of Monastic Education• Spiritual

- to save individual souls

• Moral - to attain the ideals of poverty, chastity,

and obedience

• Spiritual Knowledge - to attain the highest spiritual knowledge

and to achieve spiritual perfection

• Virtue - world renunciation

MONASTICISM

Page 12: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Agencies of EducationMONASTICISM

* Monasteries

The Monastery of Saint Anthony in Egypt, built over his tomb

Page 13: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Agencies of EducationMONASTICISM

Saint Catherine's Monastery - one of the oldest working Christian

monasteries in the world

Page 14: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

* monastic schools - under

Charlemagne in the 18th and 19th

centuries

Page 15: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

The Seven Liberal Arts was its Curriculum

a. The Trivium (tres viae, three roads) * Grammar – languages and literature * Dialectic – logic or right reasoning * Rhetoric – law and composition

b. The Quadrivium (quattor viae, four roads) * Geometry – geometry, geography, and natural history

* Arithmetic – numbers and the study of the calendar

* Music – plain chant and harmony used in church

* Astronomy – the heavenly bodies, chemistry and physics

Page 16: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

Moral and Religious TrainingLiterary EducationManual Training

Type of Education

Monasticism renounced completely the three aspects of social organizations:

• The Domestic Home • The Economic Structure • The Political State

Three Aspects of Social Organizations

Page 17: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

Methods of Instructions• Catechetical Method• Dictation • Memorization• Language • Discipline • Meditation and Contemplation/ Thoughtful Reflection

Page 18: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

MONASTICISM

Outstanding Contributions to EducationPreserving culture of Christians

MonasteriesOpposing vices and corruptionTaming warlike spiritsGiving dignity on labor

Page 19: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

Page 20: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Scholasticism was a general designation for the particular methods and tendencies to

rationalize the doctrines of Christian Church.

SCHOLASTICUS

Page 21: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

What is SCHOLASTICISM?

Aristotle

Aristotle had used logic to try to

prove the existence of God.

-the revised beliefs and logical methods of

discussion were termed

scholasticism.

Page 22: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

Anselm- Father of

Scholasticism

Page 23: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMMajor Scholastics of 12th Century

St. Albertus Magnus

Alexander of Hales

Page 24: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMMajor Scholastics of 12th Century

Roger Bacon St. Bonaventure

Robert Grosseteste

Page 25: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMMajor Scholastics of 12th Century

St. Thomas Aquinas

John Duns Scotus

William of Oakham

Page 26: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

Aims of Education Intellectual Discipline - by rational

argument

Faith by Reason - by reason

What is Primacy of Faith?“That the will of man wills or chooses

from necessity…

That the world is eternal…

That the soul is corrupted when the body is

corrupted… That the man’s actions

are not ruled by the divine providence.”

Page 27: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMAgencies of Education

Parish Schools

Page 28: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMAgencies of Education

Monastic and Cathedral

Page 29: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMAgencies of Education Palace School

Page 30: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISMAgencies of Education University

Page 31: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

The Birth of University

UNIVERSITYuniversitas magistrorum et

scholarium

“community of teachers and scholars”

•Stadium Generale- Entire student body

•Facultas-Group of masters teaching the same subject.

Page 32: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

SCHOLASTICISTS

Scholastic Realists

Conceptualists

PETER ABELARDST.ANSELM

Page 33: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

Various Kinds of Scholarly Treatises Disputed QuestionsDisputed Questions on TruthSummae

Methods of InstructionsArgumentative Method a. Starting a proposition, thesis, or questions; b. Setting down objections to the proposition: c. Proving one side, and d. Answering or disputing objections in order.Lecture, Repetition, Disputation, and

Examination MethodsAristotelian Logic Problem Method

Page 34: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

The Aristotelian Logic

Syllogism1. a MAJOR PREMISE 2. a MINOR PREMISE3. Conclusions

Other requisites1. The subject must ALL INCLUSIVE2. The predicate must be the subject of

the MAJOR PREMISE

-All men are mortal-All Greeks are men-All Greeks are mortal

Page 35: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SCHOLASTICISM

Outstanding Contribution to Education

• Organization of the University• Emphasis on the Intellectual

Training

Page 36: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRYand the AGE of FEUDALISM

Page 37: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

FEUDALISMThe general term to describe the political and military system of Western Europe.

- no central government- little security - fulfilled the basic need for justice and protection

-has a system of land tenure on allegiance and service to the nobleman or lord.

Page 38: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Page 39: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Lord- Owned the land, called a fief, let it out to a subordinate who called

a vassal.

Two careers for the son of noblemen:• Clergy -If they decided in favor of

the church, they pursed an education that was religious and academic in nature.

-an education that was physical, social, military, in nature.-more appeal than the church

• Chivalry

Page 40: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Chivalry- comes from the Old French word

chevalerie, meaning horse

soldiery.- The term came to mean the

code of behavior and ethics that

knights were expected to

follow.

Page 41: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Aims of Chivalric Education

• Morality-to inculcate in the minds of the

young nobles the virtues of honor, bravery, courtesy etc.

• Responsibility-to get the young nobles to assume

their responsibilities, how to manage their own estates, and how to deal with

the lower class of people.

• Horsemanship-to train the young nobles in

horseback warfare, hunting, and tournaments.

Page 42: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Aims of Chivalric Education• Gallantry

-to train the young nobles how to deal gallantry with the ladies of the

nobility and to protect the weak.

• Religiosity-t train the young nobles to be

devoted to the service of God.

• Social Graces-to train the young girls in the social

graces and manner fit for the ladies.

Page 43: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Agencies of Education and Content Studied• Home -was for the young boys and girls.

• Court-the court was for the girl

• The Castle- these were for the boys

• Troubadours, Minnesingers, and Minstrel -using the vernacular, they sang about the noble deeds of heroes, beautiful ladies, brilliant deeds of knights and lords. They spread news, gave warnings about impending dangers, brought messages from allies and friends.Troubadours propagated learning through their songs.

Page 44: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRYThe following are the

contents studied by the pupils:

• Religion, music, dancing, especially for girls• Horse riding for warfare, hunting, and

tournaments• Physical exercises• Reading, writing, literature in vernacular• Good manners, right conduct, social graces &

etiquette• Household duties such as sewing, weaving,

cooking, and embroidery for girls• Jousting• Falconing• Swimming• Horsemanship• Boxing• Writing and singing

verse• ChessThe pupil did not pay any fees

because he served his master like a valet.

At higher level: the curriculum consisted of the Seven Free Arts:

Page 45: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Jousting

- Generic term in the Middle Ages to refer to many kinds of martial games.(contact

sport)

Falconing

• Hunting in the Middle Ages• Were enjoyed by the nobles of the

time.• Also called as “sport of kings”

Page 46: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Methods of InstructionObservation, Imitation

and PracticeThe young noble observed, imitated, and practiced what was to be learned. Training was individual.

ApprenticeshipA young noble was assigned to a lord to learn all were to be learned.

MotivationThese were done by means of high social ideals, social standards, and social approval.

Page 47: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Training Preparation for KnighthoodKnighthood grew up as part of the

feudal system-became less important in warfare by the 1400s because of the changing military tactics and the introduction of gunpowder

In Middle Ages, a young boy in training to be a knight spent the first years of his life in the:

Care of the women of his family Learned to a ride a pony and care

for horses

CHIVALRY

Page 48: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

THE PAGEAt 7 (left home

and assigned to a female teacher)

Joined the household of another knight or a nobleman

Learned to handle small weapons

Learned the code of courtesy and behavior expected of night

CHIVALRY

Page 49: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

THE SQUIREAt 14 (assigned to a

knight)Acted as valet (a

personal servant to the knight who was his master)

Set the table and served meals

Keeping the knight’s weapon in good condition

Caring for his horsesHelping him with his

armor Attending to his injuriesGuarding his prisonersRode with his master

into a battle and took part in the fight

CHIVALRY

Page 50: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

THE KNIGHT At 21, any knight could bestow knighthood

on another Some men were knighted on the battlefield if

they had shown great bravery The knight received his sword and another

weapons from his master or king, or from members of the king’s court

This ceremony was solemn and memorable The prospective knight too a bath of

purification, dressed in white Spent an entire night in meditation and

prayer The squire knelt before the parrain, or the

man who was knighting him. The parrain struck the squire on the back of the neck with the palm of his hand. Later a tap with a sword replaced the blow with the hand. This tap (a ceremony) was called the accolade from the French word col, meaning neck. “I dub you knight.” Those words completed the ceremony in which a squire became knight

CHIVALRY

Page 51: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

CHIVALRY

Page 52: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

The Decline of Feudalism

By the 1200’s, several events in Europe led to the decline of feudalism.

An economic revival put more money back into use because soldiers could be paid. Fewer lords relied on vassals to provide services for knights

The invention of gunpowder and of such weapons as the longbow and the cannon lessened the dominance of knights

Foot soldiers from the Flemish cities defeated French knights at the battle of Courtrai in 1302

Stone castles occupied by feudal lords could no longer stand against cannon

Cities grew wealthier and became more important and rulers have less need of the aristocracy

People trained in the government service took over the functions that vassals had performed on their fiefs

CHIVALRY

Page 53: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Outstanding Contribution to

Education Use of vernacular as a tool of teachingThe emphasis placed on the learning of

social graces, rules of etiquette or good manners and right conduct

CHIVALRY

Page 54: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

THE GUilD SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

Page 55: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

THE GUILD SYSTEM

OF EDUCATION- Guilds were associations of people who had common interest, or who engaged in the

same work.- People performed charitable, religious, and

social guildsReligious guilds – paid money into a common fund.

Alms – a relief that was given to members who needed help because of sickness or old age

Mass – guilds arranged to be offered for members who died.The religious guilds were suppressed in

England in the 1500’s. These guilds are known as merchant guilds and craft guilds.

Page 56: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Merchant Guilds-Known as Hansen- Primarily a commercial

organization- Members were independent of

one another- Each guild made regulations for

its own members and varies from town to town

- Imposed a toll (tax) on the transactions of merchants from other towns

- Took part in the religious and social life of the town

- Members paid subscriptions- Punished members who were

fond guilty of misconduct

Page 57: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Craft Guild-some large towns had as many of as 20 or 30 craft guilds- Guilds in the

manufacturing crafts included those of:

Bowyers(makers of bows)

Fletchers(makers of arrows)

Girdles(makers of girdles

Hatters Skinners Weavers

Page 58: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Traders such as : Drapers Fishmongers Ironmongers Mercers (dealers of text tiles)-also had their own guilds

A person could become a member of a guild in one of three ways:1.Patrimony (succeeding parent)2.Redemption (buying membership)3. Apprenticeship (serving a term of

training in a craft)

Page 59: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

From Apprentice to Master: As Apprentice

Page 60: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

As Journeymen

Page 61: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• The MasterpieceAs Master

Page 62: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• GuildsAs Master

Page 63: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• Corpus Cristi

Page 64: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• Liveries and Liverymen

Page 65: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Decline of the Guild System * Growth of Capitalistic Industry * Struggle of Producing Guilds * Change to the Domestic System * Strict Control on Trade

Aims of Education * Business Interest and Preparation for Commercial and Industrial Life * Vocational Preparation

Page 66: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Agencies of Education and Contents Studied> The burgher school > The chantry school > The guild school

Methods of Instructions > Observations, imitation, and practice > Dictation, memorization, and catechetical methods > Discipline

Page 67: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Outstanding Contribution to Education

> Vocational Training or manpower development > Apprenticeship

Page 68: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Diwanie R.

PerezMAED-E.M

Professor: Mrs. Lydia Chavez

Thank you!