What do you think is the meaning of this cartoon? What might the abbreviations represent? What are people supposed to join?

PromptIn what ways did the French

& Indian War alter the political, economic, and ideological relationship

between England and its American colonies?

What might the English and French who lived in North America fight about?

•Each wanted control of more land

•British frontier towns were getting raided by Native Americans (allies of French)

•Boundaries in North America? In Europe?

•They had a history of bad blood

Hmm

Who???

French

And Indians

vs.

England

and the

13 colonies

GW makes a name

for himself!

George Washington

• Lieutenant Colonel • ~ 22 years old during

French and Indian War• Surrendered to French

troops at Fort Necessity, but became a hero for his bravery

(AP Photo/Kevin Wolf)

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Taking Sides

•Since the colonists are British, they need to unite to fight the French

•In walks Ben Franklin…

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives from representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed Iroquois failed Iroquois broke off relations with broke off relations with Britain & threatened to Britain & threatened to trade with the French. trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion

1754 1754 Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion

Big Idea First time most of

the colonies

got together in one place!

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the Ohio Valley & French from the Ohio Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia. & Acadia.A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces. by 1500 French and Indian forces.

Only British Success Only British Success expelled French expelled French Acadians from Nova Scotia. Acadians from Nova Scotia. (They moved to Louisiana and became (They moved to Louisiana and became “Cajuns.”) “Cajuns.”)

1755 Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence

in North America

1755 Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence

in North America

1756 War Is Formally Declared!1756 War Is Formally Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- colonial loyalty & mil. cooperation-- colonial loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse col. assemblies for would reimburse col. assemblies for their costs. their costs. -- Lord Loudoun would be removed.Lord Loudoun would be removed.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

1757 William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide Turns The Tide Turns

for Englandfor England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide Turns The Tide Turns

for Englandfor England

** By 1761, Spain has become an ally of FranceBy 1761, Spain has become an ally of France

Before

After

1.1. It increased her colonial empire in It increased her colonial empire in the Americas the Americas

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American Colonialsthe American ColonialsEffects of the War on Effects of the War on

the American Colonialsthe American Colonials

17631763 Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-infected British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: TensionsTensions

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: TensionsTensions

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!