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Article Information Protection of power transformer using microcontroller-based relay Rafa, A.; Mahmod, S.; Mariun, N.; Hassan, W.Z.W.; Mailah, N.F. Research and Development, 2002. SCOReD 2002. Student Conference on Volume , Issue , 2002 Page(s): 224 - 227 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/SCORED.2002.1033098 Summary: This paper describes the design and implementation of the micro controller-based system for protecting power transformer. The system includes facilities for discrimination between internal fault current and magnetizing inrush current, differential protection, over current protection, over voltage protection and under voltage protection. In this paper, software and hardware of micro controller based system have been explained and designed. The design implementation and testing of the system are also presented.
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Fuzzy Logic Based Differential Relay for Power Transformer Protection
Article Information
Protection of power transformer using microcontroller-based relayRafa, A.; Mahmod, S.; Mariun, N.; Hassan, W.Z.W.; Mailah, N.F.Research and Development, 2002. SCOReD 2002. Student Conference onVolume , Issue , 2002 Page(s): 224 - 227Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/SCORED.2002.1033098Summary: This paper describes the design and implementation of the micro controller-based system for protecting power transformer. The system includes facilities for discrimination between internal fault current and magnetizing inrush current, differential protection, over current protection, over voltage protection and under voltage protection. In this paper, software and hardware of micro controller based system have been explained and designed. The design implementation and testing of the system are also presented.
Need
Power Transformers or any CNC Machines or any electrical devices are
always subjected to Highvoltage and low voltage transients. Many devices will
get failed due to this. Hence we need to monitor the voltage constantly and if goes
below or above the range then we need to trip the supply immedieately. One
method of protecting power transformers is to use a differential relay. The
operation Diff Relay is to trip the equipment if it finds any difference in the
primary and secondary current.
ASHOK KUMAR-098402 34766PL VISIT http://www.maastechindia.com
Two basic requirements that the differential-relay connections must satisfy are:
(1) The differential relay must not operate for load or external faults; and
(2) The relay must operate for severe enough internal faults.
This is because the diff relay can act due to the following other factors also.
In the case of power transformer applications, possible sources of false differential
currents are:
Mismatch between the CT ratios and the power transformer ratio
Variable ratio of the power transformer caused by a tap changer
Phase shift between the power transformer primary and secondary currents
Magnetizing inrush currents
Transformer overexcitation
Current transformer saturation
ASHOK KUMAR-098402 34766PL VISIT http://www.maastechindia.com
So, There should be an intelligent Mechanism to prevent the diff relay
from fault triggering. In this project we have employed fuzzy logic to
prevent this fault triggering. Our system when detects a current difference
between the primary and the secondary it also checks for other causes using
fuzzy logic and operates the relay only when essential. The other factors which
induces the fault triggering is given to the controller through switch inputs.
About Fuzzy:
Fuzzy Logic was initiated in 1965 by lofti A. Zadeh, professor for
Computer science at the university of California in Berkeley.
Fuzzy logic is a powerful new technology and has emerged as a
profitable tool for the controlling of subway systems and complex industrial
processes, as well as for household and entertainment electronics, diagnosis
systems and other expert systems. Although, fuzzy logic was invented in
United states the rapid growth of this technology has started from Japan and
has now again reached the USA and Europe also.
Fuzzy has become a keyword for marketing. Electronic articles
without fuzzy component gradually turn out to be a dead stock. As a gag,
that shows the popularity of fuzzy logic, there even exists a toilet paper with
‘Fuzzy Logic’ Printed on it. In japan fuzzy-research is widely supported
with a huge budget. In Europe and the USA efforts are being made to catch
up with the tremendous Japanese success. For instance, the NASA space
agency is engaged in applying fuzzy logic for complex docking-maneuvers.
ASHOK KUMAR-098402 34766PL VISIT http://www.maastechindia.com
Fuzzy logic is basically a multivalued logic that allows intermediate
values to be defined between conventional evaluations like yes/no,
true/false, black/white etc. Notions like rather warm or pretty cold can be
formulated mathematically and processed by computers
ASHOK KUMAR-098402 34766PL VISIT http://www.maastechindia.com
Block Diagram:
ASHOK KUMAR-098402 34766PL VISIT http://www.maastechindia.com
MonitorCPU
PIC Microcontroller
Rs232
Power Transformer10 AMPS(HT)
Differential Relay
Relay Driver
Power Line
PT230V
CT5AMPS
Full Wave Precision Rectifier
IC-LM1458
PT230V
CT5 AMPS
Full Wave Precision Rectifier
IC-LM 1458
Mismatch between the
CT ratios and the
power transformer
ratio
Variable ratio of the power transformer
Phase shift between the power transformer primary and secondary
Magnetizing inrush currents
Transformer overexcitation
Current transformer saturation
PIC16F877PIC16F877
