20
S Getting started with research Dr Leslie Gelling Reader in Nursing, Anglia Ruskin University Vice-Chair, Anglia Ruskin Nursing Research Unit (ARNRU)

Getting started with research

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Page 1: Getting started with research

S

Getting started with research

Dr Leslie GellingReader in Nursing, Anglia Ruskin University

Vice-Chair, Anglia Ruskin Nursing Research Unit (ARNRU)

Page 2: Getting started with research
Page 3: Getting started with research

Developing a research protocol

An essential part of the research process. A clear description of how the research will be

conducted. Required for research funding bids and

applications to RECs. Format can vary but they usually share a number

of common elements, including …

Page 4: Getting started with research

Common structure of theresearch protocol

1. Title

2. Summary

3. Background and context

4. Literature review

5. Research question, aims and objectives

6. Justification for the research

7. Research question, aims and objectives

8. Methods

9. Research team

10. Ethical considerations

11. Budget

12. Dissemination of findings

13. Schedule

Page 5: Getting started with research

Common structure of theresearch protocol

1. Title

2. Summary

3. Background and context

4. Literature review

5. Research question, aims and objectives

6. Justification for the research

7. Research question, aims and objectives

8. Methods

9. Research team

10. Ethical considerations

11. Budget

12. Dissemination of findings

13. Schedule

Page 6: Getting started with research

Searching and evaluating the research literature

Critically reviewing the literature is a skill that needs to be learned and developed.

Consider the strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature. Review frameworks are available to help reviewers establish the

quality of a piece of research. Not all published research is good and there is much good

unpublished research. Exploring the literature should continue throughout the research. What is the gap in existing knowledge?

Page 7: Getting started with research

Developing the research question

Broad ideas need to be turned into research question. They will be refined by a critical review of the literature. Questions need to be sufficiently focused and answerable. Don’t have too many questions. Should follow logically from the review of the literature. Are often revised multiple times.

Page 8: Getting started with research

Selecting the most appropriate research approach

(methodology)

MixedMethodsResearch

Page 9: Getting started with research

Selecting the appropriateresearch methods

Determined by the research question, the literature review and the selected methodology.

May be influenced by the researcher’s experience but must there must be a fit between the methodology and methods.

Don’t try to do too much in the time available. Must allow the researcher to answer the research

question.

Page 10: Getting started with research

Do you need a pilot study?

A smaller study is undertaken to test:

The effectiveness of sampling and recruitment. Data collection techniques. Feasibility of the research.

Research ethics and other approvals must be in place and may need amending as a result of the pilot study.

Page 11: Getting started with research

Sampling and recruitment

Sampling involves identifying a representative study population from the target population.

Sampling can be probability or non-probability. Once the sample is determined the researcher can

commence recruitment. Sample size?

Page 12: Getting started with research

Data collection

Determined by methodological approach. Data collected must allow the researcher to answer

the research question. Qualitative – interviews, focus groups, observations. Quantitative – questionnaires, observation. Regardless of type of data, it should be collected

systematically.

Page 13: Getting started with research

Data analysis

Qualitative data Quantitative dataCan be analysed as an ongoing process during data collection.

Data is usually collected before data analysis begins.

Analysed thematically. Analysed using predetermined tests.

Software is available to support analysis.

Data is analysed using SPSS, Excel, etc.

Data is presented thematically using examples of data (quotes).

Data is presented numerically, supported by graphs and tables.

Should seek to answer the research question.

Should seek to answer the research question.

Page 14: Getting started with research

Dissemination and implementation

of findings

All research is worthless if findings, including negative findings, are not disseminated and shared.

Should be part of planning the research. Most common means of disseminations are journal

papers and conference presentations/posters. But now many other options available. Sharing findings with research participants/patients.

Page 15: Getting started with research

Planning a research schedule

From the outset, be sure you have a clear and realistic schedule.

Include all parts of the research, including approvals, writing up and dissemination.

Can be adjusted as the research progresses.

Page 16: Getting started with research

Obtaining research ethics and governance approvals

All research involving human participants will need research ethics approval from an appropriate REC.

Access approval. Time required to obtain these approvals should not

be underestimated. Valuable experience, requiring researchers to

consider all parts of their research.

Page 17: Getting started with research

Obtaining research funding

All research has a cost so consider how the research will be funded.

Do you need to bid for funding? Start small. Collaborate with experienced research teams to

learn the ropes.

Page 18: Getting started with research

Academic, peer and social support

Research is seldom undertaken in isolation. The best research involves research teams with

multiple areas of expertise. Academic support. Isolation. Writing up.

Page 19: Getting started with research

Additional resources

Methodology texts: Gerrish K, Lathlean, J (2015) The

research process in nursing. 7th Edition. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell.

‘Nurse Researcher’ ‘Journal of Clinical Nursing’ or

‘Journal of Advanced Nursing’

Page 20: Getting started with research

Thank you

[email protected]

@Leslie_Gelling

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