MAHENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Paper Presentation of Generation of Computer

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

GENERATION

The state of improvement in the development of a product

It is the stage of technological development or innovation

Every new generation has small and more advanced than previous one.  

New discoveries are constantly being developed .

first

Computers Generation

Computer Generation

First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes Second Generation - 1956-1963: TransistorsThird Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated CircuitsFourth Generation - 1971-Present: MicroprocessorsFifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence

1940-1956

First Generation Computers

Vacuum tubes

First Generation ComputersVacuum tubes

Devices Used : Vacuum Tubes Period : 1940-1956 Size : Very Huge (Size of 3 room ) 3.5 KW of electricity per day Binary coded language used(‘0’s and ‘1’s) Input: Punch cards and paper tape Processing : Very Slow (microseconds ) Output: Printouts

Examples : UNIVAC ,EDVAC , EDSAC,ENIAC

Characteristics of First Generation Computers

Vacuum tube based on Technology

Supported Machine language only

Very costly

Generate lot of heat

Need of A.C

Slow Input/Output device

Huge size

.Non-portable

Consumed lot of electricity

1956-1963

Second Generation ComputerTransistor

Second Generation ComputerTransistor

Period: 1957-1963

Device Used : Transistors

Size: Smaller than first generation of computer

Input and Output: Punch Card

Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers

Faster than first generation computers

A.C. needed

Support machine and assembly languages(COBAL and FORTRAN)

Example: IBM 1620,IBM 7094,UNIVAC 1108

Characteristics of Second Generation Computer

Transistor based on technology Processing Speed :milliseconds Smaller in size Reliable and prone to hardware failure Portable Generate less amount of heat Easier to program

1964-1971

Third Generation ComputerIntegrated Circuits (IC’s)

Third Generation ComputerIC’S

Period : 1963 to 1975

Device Use : Integrated Circuits

Technology : ICs Incorporated many transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip

Size : Small as compared to 2nd generation computers

Processing : Faster then 2nd generation computers

Input: Keyboard

Output: Monitor

Example: IBM-360 series,IBM-370/168TDC-316

Characteristics of third generation computer

IC used

Consumed lesser electricity

Smaller size

Faster (nanoseconds)

Lesser maintenance

More reliable

Still costly

Generate less heat

A.C. needed

Support high-level language

1970’s – till date

Fourth Generation ComputerMicroprocessors

Fourth Generation ComputerMicroprocessors

Period : After 1972 to present

Size : Very small size

Devices Used : Silicon Chips

LSI and VLSI technology used

Processing : Faster

High level language, OOP (Object Oriented Programming) used

Semiconductor memory devices used

GUI’s and OS used

Example: Apple II,CRAY – 1 and Altair 8800

IC’s

Characteristics of Fourth Generation Computer

LSI and VLSI technology used

Very cheap

Portable and reliable

Use of PC's

Very small size

Pipeline processing

No A.C. needed

Concept of internet was introduced

Great developments in the fields of networks

Less maintenance

Present & beyond

Fifth GenerationArtificial Intelligence

Fifth Generation

Period : Present and Beyond

Devices Used : Superconducters

Technology used: SLSI

Size : Very small

Examples :

Robots

Speech Recognition

Vision Recognition

Characteristics of Artificial Intelligence

Less power consumption .

High performance,

lower cost and very compact.

Portable note book computers introduced .

Memory chips up to 1 GB.

Hard disk drives up to 180 GB

Optical disks up to 27 GB are available (still the capacity is increasing) .

Artificial intelligence includes:

Games Playingprogramming computers to play games such as chess and checkers.

Thankyou……..