Felipe

ToC Conditional Tense w/ irregulars Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Perfect Irregulars Subjunctive Perfect Impersonal “se” Saber vs Conocer Formal Commands Informal Commands Irregular Commands Nosotros commands DoP and IoP arrangement Sujunctive Subjunctive Triggers Tan and Tanto Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives

Conditional Tense w/ IrregularsThe conditional tense is used to describe actions

that would, could, should, or must have happened as well as the probablility of an action.

To form this tense one simply must add the endings to the infinitive- (ía, ías, ía, íamos, and ían)

The irregulares include :Caber- Cabr -Decir- DirHaber- Habr -Hacer- HarPoder- Podr -Poner- PondrQuerer- Querr -Saber- SabrSalir- Saldr -Tener- TendrValer- Valdr -Venir- Vendr

Present Perfect TenseThe present perfect tense is uses an auxiliary

verb to help describe recent actions.To form this verb tense:

Haber (to have) + participle (-ado and –ido)The forms of Haber used are He Has Ha

Hemos and Han.

Past PerfectThis form of the verb is used to describe

things that HAVE happened in the past and use the auxiliary verb haber in conjunction with the participle.

Formed the same way as the present perfect tense with the same haber conjugations.

Perfect IrregularsThese are some of the irregulars used with

the perfect tense.Abrir- abierto -Cubrir- cubiertoDecir- dicho -Escribir- escritoHacer- hecho -Ir- idoMorir- muerto -Poner- puestoResolver- resuelto -Romper- rotoVer- visto -Volver- vuelto

Subjunctive PerfectThis is one form of the subjunctive which

combines the function of the verb Haber.These phrases are constructed by using the

present subjunctive form of the verb Haber (Haya, Hayas, Haya, Hayamos, Hayan) and adding the participle.

Example- It's good that he studied - Es bueno que haya estudiado.

Impersonal “se”The impersonal “se” is a grammatical

function used to prevent giving a verb a specific subject.

The use of the “se” is always in the third person but can be used in any tense.

Saber vs. ConcerSaber

To know… Facts, info, or how to

ConocerTo know…

People, places, or literary works

Formal CommandsAffirmative

Take the verb’s yo form, drop the –o and add the opposite ending (ar -> e er/ir ->a)

NegativeTake the verb’s yo form, drop the –o and add

the opposite ending (ar -> e er/ir ->a)Add an “n” to the end of the command.

Informal CommandsAffirmative

Put the verb in the tú form and drop the –s

NegativePut the verb in the yo form, drop the yo, and

add an –s.

Irregular CommandsUsted

Decir- diga hacer- hagaIr- vaya poner- pongaSalir- salga ser- sepaTener- tenga venir- venga

TúDi, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, ten ven

Nosotros CommandsTo form the nosotros command

Yo formOpposite endingAdd ending “-mos”

Mono verbsObject pronouns are at the end of the

commandDrop “s” off the “-mos”

DoP and IoP placementEndings

DoP- lo, la, los, lasIoP- me, te, se, nos, os

Ir + infinitiveAdd to end of infinitive or in front of conjugated

Estar + ing verbAdd to end of –ing verbs and add accent to maintain

syllable stress.Commands

Affirmative- add to end and add accentsNegative- add between “no” and the verb

Subjunctive

Subjunctive Triggers Impersonal Expressions

Es bueno que... Es importante que... Es mejor que... Es malo que... Es Necessario que... Es urgente que...

Conjunctions of time Cuando Despues de que Hasta que Luego que Tan pronto como

Tan and TantoTan

As… asUsed with adjectives and adverbs

TantoAs much/many asUsed with nouns and verbs

Demonstrative Pronouns/AdjectivesSingular

Este/esta= thisEse/esa= thatAquel/aquella= that over there

PluralEstos/estas= theseEsos/esas= thoseAquellos/aquellas= those over there