GUIDANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

GIRIJA SANKAR PANDA, TGT

GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING

• GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING ARE TWIN CONCEPTS & HAVE EMERGED AS ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF EVERY EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY.

• GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING ARE NOT SYNONYMOUS TERM. COUNSELLING IS A PART OF GUIDANCE.

• GUIDANCE, IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT, MEANS TO INDICATE, POINT OUT, SHOW THE WAY, LEAD OUT & DIRECT.

• COUNSELLING IS A SPECIALIZED SERVICE OF GUIDANCE. IT IS THE PROCESS OF HELPING INDIVIDUALS LEARN MORE ABOUT THEMSELVES & THEIR PRESENT & POSSIBLE FUTURE SITUATIONS TO MAKE A SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOCIETY.

DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE

Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent counselor to an individual of any age to help him direct his own life, develop his own point of view, make his own decision & carry his own burden.

- Hamrin & Erikson

Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his own effort to discover & develop his potentialities for his personal happiness & social usefulness.

- Ruth Strang

DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING

• COUNSELING IS ESSENTIALLY A PROCESS IN WHICH THE COUNSELOR ASSISTS THE COUNSELEE TO MAKE INTERPRETATIONS OF FACTS RELATING TO A CHOICE, PLAN OR ADJUSTMENT WHICH HE NEEDS TO MAKE.

-GLENN F.SMITH• COUNSELING IS A SERIES OF

DIRECT CONTACTS WITH THE INDIVIDUAL WHICH AIMS TO OFFER HIM ASSISTANCE IN CHANGING HIS ATTITUDE & BEHAVIORS.

-CARL ROGERS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING

• GUIDANCE IS BROADER & COMPREHENSIVE

• GUIDANCE IS MORE EXTERNAL, HELPS A PERSON UNDERSTAND ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS AVAILABLE TO HIM & MAKES HIM UNDERSTAND HIS PERSONALITY & CHOOSE THE RIGHT SOLUTION.

• GUIDANCE IS MAINLY PREVENTIVE & DEVELOPMENTAL

• COUNSELLING IS IN-DEPTH & NARROW

• COUNSELLING HELPS PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THEMSELVES & IS AN INWARD ANALYSIS. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS ARE PROPOSED TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM AT HAND.

• COUNSELLING IS REMEDIAL AS WELL AS PREVENTIVE &DEVELOPMENTAL

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING

• INTELLECTUAL ATTITUDES ARE THE RAW MATERIAL OF GUIDANCE

• DECISION MAKING IS OPERABLE AT AN INTELLECTUAL LEVEL IN GUIDANCE • GUIDANCE IS GENERALLY

EDUCATION & CAREER RELATED & MAY ALSO BE FOR PERSONAL PROBLEMS

• EMOTIONAL RATHER THAN PURE INTELLECTUAL ATTITUDE ARE RAW MATERIAL OF THE COUNSELLING PROCESS.• COUNSELLING

OPERATES AT AN EMOTIONAL LEVEL• COUNSELLING IS

MOSTLY OFFERED FOR PERSONAL & SOCIAL ISSUES

OBJECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL

TO FAMILIARIZE CHILD WITH DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF NEW SCHOOL LIFE: THE CHILDREN FACES ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS WHEN THEY SHIFT TO SECONDARY STAGE LEAVING PRIMARY SCHOOL. SO THE CHILD WILL BE FAMILIARIZED TO DIFFERENT FACILITIES OF SCHOOL SUCH AS LIBRARY, LABORATORY, DISPENSARY AND OTHER SERVICES AVAILABLE WHCH WILL MAKE THEM COMFORTABLE.

OBJECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL

• 1.TO HELP CHILD IN SELECTING SUBJECTS:

• 2.TO HELP CHILD TO MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH:• 3 TO ENCOURAGE

CHILDREN TO PARTICIPATE IN CO-

CURRICULAR ACTIVITES:• TO DEVELOP & MAINTAIN

RECORDS OF CHILDREN• TO IMBIBE FELLING OF

COOPERATION IN THE MINDS OF CHILDREN

OBJECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL• TO ASSIST CHILDREN IN

DEALING WITH EMOTIONAL AND PERSONAL NEEDS

• TO DEVLOP CAREER RELATED AWARENESS:

• TO HELP CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING SELF IDENTITY:

• TO HELP THE CHILDREN BY DEVELOPING GOOD STUDY HABITS:

NEED & IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL• THE NEED OF GUIDANCE HAD EXISTED AT ALL TIMES

SINCE TIME IMMEMORIAL AND WILL CONTINUE TO AS LONG AS HUMAN BEING EXISTS. BUT THERE IS A GREATER NEED FOR GUIDANCE SERVICES NOW THAN EVER BEFORE DUE TO RAPID SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT, EMERGING OF COMPLEX SOCIETY , NEED FOR OUTSTANDING LEADERSHIP TALENTS.

• THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATION IS TO BRING ALL ROUND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN: PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL. BUT PRESENTLY INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE TEACHING OF SUBJECTS ALONE IS GIVEN PRIME IMPORTANCE WHICH CANNOT LEAD TO TOTAL DEVELOPMENT.

• MAJORITY OF ADOLESCENCE ARE IN DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATIONS; THEY ARE SHY, FEARFUL, LONELINESS, AND NOT SKILLED MANAGING THEIR OWN AFFAIRS, THEY ARE UNHAPPY BECAUSE OF LONELINESS, FEELINGS OF FAILURE, OF INADEQUACY OR LACK OF MEANING/PURPOSE IN LIFE. THEY COULD NOT FORM REALISTIC LIFE GOALS AND PLANS DUE TO LACK OF SELF KNOWLEDGE. THEY LACK BOTH FOCUS AND MEANINGFUL DIRECTIONS,

NEED & IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL• EDUCATION IS EXPANDING ITS FRONTIERS MAKING

IT ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS TO MAKE PROPER CHOICE OF COURSES WITHOUT HELP OF GUIDANCE WORKER. EMERGENCE OF NEW AND SPECIALIZED CAREERS IN FIELD OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, BANKING & INSURANCE, MEDIA & FILM, MEDICAL & PARA MEDICAL SERVICES ETC. DEMANDS ADULT WITH SUITABLE APTITUDE AND MENTAL ABILITY.

• THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC AND PRINT MEDIA, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TEMPTED STUDENTS TO WASTE THEIR VALUABLE, TIME AND AWAY FROM REAL LIFE.

• THEY ARE ENGULFED WITH COMPLETE SOCIAL PROBLEMS: LIVING WITH AND SHARING FACILITIES WITH PEERS SUCH AS LIVING IN HOSTELS AND SHARING EXTRA-CURRICULAR EXPERIENCES, ADJUSTMENT TO HETEROSEXUAL RELATIONSHIP ETC.

• THE MISUTILIZATION OF LEISURE TIME LEADS TO POOR ACHIEVEMENT IN THEIR STUDY AND MANY PSYCO-SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN HOME, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY.

NEED & IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL• THE EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF STUDENTS BELONGING TO SC/ST CHILDREN

WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AND MINORITY IS LAGGING BEHIND IN SPITE OF MANY INTERVENTIONS BY BOTH CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT FOR THEIR UPLIFTMENT . THESE GROUP OF STUDENTS REQUIRED RELEVANT GUIDANCE SERVICES FROM SCHOOL FOR DOING WELL BOTH ACADEMIC AND NON-ACADEMIC FIELDS.

• CHANGING MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS OF SOCIETY DEVELOPED CHEATING, DISHONESTY AND CUNNINGNESS AMONG THE ADOLESCENCE.

SERVICES OF GUIDANCE• ORIENTATION SERVICE: THIS SERVICE IS ORGANIZED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE ACADEMIC YEAR TO ORIENT NEWLY ADMITTED STUDENTS ABOUT DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE SCHOOL AND CURRICULUM.

STUDENT INVENTORY• THE SCHOOL AUTHORITY WILL COLLECT

DETAILS OF INFORMATION SUCH AS FAMILY BACKGROUND AND CONDITIONS, PREVIOUS SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT, MENTAL ABILITY, THEIR POTENTIALITIES, HEALTH HABITS AND CONDITIONS, INTEREST AND SPECIAL APTITUDE ETC. BY USING TESTING AND NON-TESTING DEVICES. THE PURPOSE IS TO DEVELOP HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS WHICH WILL BE USEFUL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING.

• IT IS DESIGN TO HELP STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING SELF-UNDERSTANDING AND ACCEPTANCE.

• THIS CAN BE DONE BY COLLECTING AND ORGANISING THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE STUDENTS THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND NON-TESTING DEVICES.

INFORMATION SERVICE

• THE INFORMATION SERVICE IS THE BASE OF ALL GUIDANCE PROGRAMME. IT IS CONCERNED WITH COLLECTING, RECORDING AND MAINTAINING INFORMATION REGARDING PERSONAL, EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL WHICH WILL HELP TO DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING AND AWARENESS AMONG THE TEACHERS AS WELL AS STUDENTS. THE GUIDANCE WORKER CAN DISSEMINATE THIS INFORMATION BY GROUP GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES SUCH AS EDUCATIONAL AND CAREER CONFERENCES, WORK EXPERIENCE, SEMINAR, DISCUSSION, INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS, CAREER TALK, CAREER EXHIBITION, CAREER DAY, CAREER CONFERENCE ETC.

COUNSELLING SERVICE• IT IS HEART OF THE SCHOOL GUIDANCE

PROGRAMME. IT IS INTENDED TO ESTABLISH A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUIDANCE WORKER AND THE STUDENTS IN WHICH THE FORMER ATTEMPTS TO ASSIST THE LATER IN ACHIEVING OPTIMUM EDUCATIONAL, VOCATIONAL AND SOCIO-PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT. IT IS HELPFUL IN CRYSTALLIZING THE PROBLEM AND REACHING A REASONABLY GOOD SOLUTION.

• IT PROVIDES STUDENTS A CHANCE TO TAKE DIRECT ASSISTANCE FROM THE COUNSELLOR IN A FACE TO FACE SITUATION TO DISCUSS THEIR PROBLEM

• IT IS SPECIALIZED SERVICE WHICH NEEDS SKILLS AND COMPETENCY FROM TEACHER.

REMEDIAL SERVICE• REMEDIAL SERVICE: WHEN A

STUDENT IS NOT GETTING BENEFIT FROM NORMAL CLASSROOM TRANSACTION, S/HE NEEDS REMEDIAL SERVICE. IT IS PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING REASONS OF PROBLEM FACED BY LEARNER AND DESIGNING A SUITABLE INTERVENTION PROGRAMME. THE MAIN INTENTION IS TO HELP LEARNER IN RESOLVING PROBLEMS RELATING TO EDUCATION, VOCATION AND PERSONAL.

FOLLOW UP SERVICE• FOLLOW UP SERVICE: IT

CONCERNED WITH SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE SERVICES TO FIND OUT WHETHER IT SUCCEED IN SATISFYING NEEDS OF THE STUDENTS. IT FINDS OUT TO WHAT EXTENT STUDENTS BEEN ABLE TO ACHIEVE ACCORDING TO THEIR ABILITIES AND APTITUDES, TO WHAT EXTENT SELECTION OF SUBJECTS ARE WISE AND HOW STUDENTS ARE ADJUSTING WITH THE JOBS

REFERRAL SERVICE

• REFERRAL SERVICE: MANY TIMES SCHOOL GUIDANCE WORKER MAY NOT RESOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS. IN SUCH SITUATION, S/HE IS TO BE REFERRED TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS (TRAINED COUNSELLOR/ PSYCHIATRICS/DOCTOR/PSYCHOLOGIST). THE GUIDANCE WORKER SHOULD HAVE LIST OF QUALIFIED PERSONNEL FROM THE LOCALITY FOR REFERRAL PURPOSE.

STRATEGY FOR ORGANIZING GUIDANCE PROGRAMME IN SCHOOL

• ORIENTATION DAY• CLASS TALK• CAREER TALK: • CAREER DAY/EXHIBITION• GROUP DISCUSSION• ROLE PLAYING• WORKSHOP• VISITS/TOURS• PASSING OUT DAY