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Safety Is No Accident Safety Is No Accident Presented By: Anthony Castelli

Heavy Highway Training

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This is a training presentation for Heavy Highway workers as well asHealth and Safety Professionals.

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Page 1: Heavy Highway Training

Safety Is No AccidentSafety Is No Accident

Presented By: Anthony Castelli

Page 2: Heavy Highway Training

Highway and street construction (H&SC) workers are exposed to injury and fatality risk

The work is in proximity to construction equipment, as well as passing traffic

The module covers,Hazards in the work space Injury prevention with an emphasis on

Internal Traffic Control Plans (ITCP)

Page 3: Heavy Highway Training

Typical Work Activities Within Work Space

Page 4: Heavy Highway Training

Typical work zone activities

Page 5: Heavy Highway Training

Injury and fatality exposures are extremely high in highway work zones

Each year, over 100 H&SC workers are killed and more than 20,000 are injured

Half of the H&SC workers are killed by construction trucks and equipment

On-foot workers represent approximately 57% of the worker fatalities in work zones

More than 30% of fatalities involve equipment operators

Page 6: Heavy Highway Training

Night work and inclement weather produce poor visibility

Night work presents problemsReduced visibilityDriver impairment or inattentionFatigue and sleepiness

Lack of adequate lighting magnifies the problem

Page 7: Heavy Highway Training

Untrained workers are more vulnerable to injuriesNot using Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) Improper use of PPEUnsafe work practices Macho behavior, horseplay

Page 8: Heavy Highway Training

Electrocution due to contact with overhead and underground power lines (Refer to Module No. 4)

Highway construction materials like asphalt and concrete pose physical hazards to workers, such as burns, splashing wet material in the eye, etc.

Strains and sprains due to overexertion and poor body positions

Slips, trips, and falls due to poor housekeeping

Fall from elevation and falling objects

Page 9: Heavy Highway Training

Operating and maintaining heavy equipment and trucks using safe procedures (Refer to Module No. 3)

Implementing safe procedures for night work, and low visibility

Safety protocols for preventing occupational health and environmental hazards

Fall protection and prevention Developing a dynamic Internal Traffic

Control Plan (ITCP) to prevent worker – equipment - traffic conflicts during construction

Page 10: Heavy Highway Training

Plan for coordinating the flow of construction vehicles, equipment, and workers operating within the work spaceFor improved safety within the work zone

A typical ITCP addresses Parking issues within the work spaceSafe entry and exit of heavy equipment and

trucks to and from the work spaceInteractions of heavy equipment, trucks, and

on-foot workers.

Page 11: Heavy Highway Training

Provide an organized plan to coordinate movements in the work area

Minimize dangerous operationsBacking and operating near soft shouldersUnguarded holes and slopes

Prevent injuries and fatalities, while providing efficient operations

Page 12: Heavy Highway Training

Contact information (company personnel, emergency services, etc.)

Location, time table, and scope of projectOn-site equipment and personnelInterface between internal and external

traffic control plans

Page 13: Heavy Highway Training

Checklist of site specific hazards and mitigation methods

Reporting system for incidents (and close calls)

Safe procedures for traffic control in work space

Anticipated traffic volumes, speeds, and speed limits

Specifications for lightingSafe speed limits, clearances from high

voltage power lines, blind corners , warnings of drop-off hazards, etc.

Page 14: Heavy Highway Training

• Designated channels of communication for any changes in plan

• Means of communications between on-foot workers, equipment operators, truck drivers, and other personnel

• Designation of personnel to monitor communications between vehicle and equipment operators

Page 15: Heavy Highway Training

Typically include Standard symbols for pieces of equipment

and project personnel on siteA layout of the work space positioned in the

overall work zoneLocations of proximate traffic control

devices (e.g. drums, cones, etc.)Areas around equipment and operations

prohibited to on-foot workers

Page 16: Heavy Highway Training

Source: Graham - Migletz

Sample Internal Traffic Control Plan for

Trenching Work in a Highway Work Zone

30 ft trench

Pedestrian free area

60 ft backfillVehicle free

area

Page 17: Heavy Highway Training

Training is essential for all personnelOrientation of truck drivers to work space

activities and ITCPTraining delivered through

Tool box safety meetingsDistribution of site-specific safety materials

(e.g. a copy of ITCP, safety guidelines)Self-paced e-training

Page 18: Heavy Highway Training

Comprehensive approachReview of ITCP during normal work zone

inspectionsReview and analyze incidents, close calls,

and potential hazardsRetain schematic drawings and other

documents for future use

Page 19: Heavy Highway Training

A pick up truck parked behind the dump truck. Lack of proper planning for parking causes

workers to park in improper and unsafe locations inside work space.

Page 20: Heavy Highway Training

An existing lane closed to traffic is utilized as an acceleration lane for trucks, but canalization is done improperly. No

designated exit point for trucks.

Page 21: Heavy Highway Training

Employee vehicle parked near equipment, and blocking the truck route

Page 22: Heavy Highway Training

Safe Equipment Operation around On-foot Workers

Conflicting Movements of Trucks, Equipment and Workers

Turning Radius and GeometrySafe Operation and Maintenance of

Equipment

Page 23: Heavy Highway Training

Shows an extremely hazardous condition where an on-foot worker is working very close to operating equipment, and is in

a tight space between the equipment and the barrier.

Never work so close to operating equipment, especially when there is a “pinch point”.

Workers working too close to

working equipment

against a barrier

“pinch point”

Page 24: Heavy Highway Training

Conflicts create potential for accidentsConflicts between

Trucks and trucksTrucks and equipmentTrucks and on-foot workersEquipment and on-foot workers Equipment and equipment

Page 25: Heavy Highway Training

Minimize conflicting interactions as much as possibleSeparation by spaceSeparation by time

Determine the locations of and design various internal movementsEntry and exit locations for trucks and

equipmentTruck and equipment routes within work spaceOther activity locations and pedestrian paths

(e.g., rest room locations, site office, etc.)

Page 26: Heavy Highway Training
Page 27: Heavy Highway Training

Properly design the elements of internal traffic control that cause conflictsSafe entry and exit pointsSpeed change lanes

Deceleration laneAcceleration lane

Turning radius and geometryTraffic control devices

Conflicting Movements of Trucks, Equipment and Workers

Page 28: Heavy Highway Training

Work Space

Taper LengthRigid Barriers

A Typical Diagram Showing an Acceleration Lane

Page 29: Heavy Highway Training

Turning radius and geometry at entry and exit pointsVaries with the type of vehiclesOff tracking

Larger vehicles - larger off trackingOff tracking can cause injuries/fatalities

Turning radii must be designed by a qualified personGeometric design specialist

Page 30: Heavy Highway Training

Turning radius for trucks should be designed properly

Page 31: Heavy Highway Training

This figure shows the turning characteristics of a typical tractor/semi-trailer combination truck.

Refer to “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2001” for details.

Page 32: Heavy Highway Training

This figure shows the minimum turning path for Intermediate Semitrailer (WB-12 [WB-40]) Design Vehicle.

Refer to “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2001” for details.

Page 33: Heavy Highway Training

Only authorized personnel must operate or repair equipment Must be trained in safety

Perform daily inspections and make the necessary repairs Keep operator manuals in the equipment cab and provide

ready access

Equipment with poorly functioning safety devices (e.g. backing signals, head and tail lights, etc.) are unsafe to operate

Comply with OSHA Standard: 1926 Subpart O - Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations

Page 34: Heavy Highway Training

Worker Responsibilities:Stay alertGet plenty of rest. Don’t carry on daytime

activities and then work a night shiftBe aware of surroundings, and the

operations around your work areaWear high visibility apparel

Page 35: Heavy Highway Training

Management Responsibilities Improve worker and equipment visibility

Enforce use of hard hats with retroreflective material and retroreflective clothing

Encourage using flashing and warning lights on vehicles and equipment (without distracting motorists)

Plan (through ITCP) to minimize on-foot workers coming close to heavy equipment

Ensure temporary lighting for workers does not distract motorists

Page 36: Heavy Highway Training

Avoid overhead power lines by maintaining the minimum clearance (10 feet or more)

Before excavation, call appropriate agency to locate underground cables

Use control measures to minimize silica exposure (e.g. wet cutting/drilling, exhaust ventilation)

Implement a Lead Exposure Control Plan outliningEngineering methods (ventilation, isolation)Administrative methods (personal hygiene

practices)PPE (respirators, protective clothing)

Page 37: Heavy Highway Training

Hand and power tools shall be used, inspected, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and shall be used only for the designed purpose

Workers should be trained on the recognition and prevention of electrical hazards

Design of support and shield systems shall be selected for excavations in accordance with OSHA Standard

Page 38: Heavy Highway Training

A project - specific written hazard communication program should be established. Copies of this program must be available to all workers

Appropriate fall protection and prevention procedures must be in place for work performed at an elevation of 6 feet or higher

Precautions must also be taken against falling objects

Appropriate PPE shall be worn at all times as required

Page 39: Heavy Highway Training

Worker is not wearing his safety vest

Worker is not wearing his steel-toed boots.

Page 40: Heavy Highway Training

Picture showing roadway work space in close proximity to motoring traffic

Page 41: Heavy Highway Training

Barrels offset too far onto the lane

Page 42: Heavy Highway Training

Worker shifting the offset drums inside.

Page 43: Heavy Highway Training

Pedestrian in the work zone? Pedestrian crossing locations should be provided where necessary.

Page 44: Heavy Highway Training

Improper separation between working equipment and motoring traffic lane

Page 45: Heavy Highway Training

Equipment too close to

traffic

Page 46: Heavy Highway Training

Moving traffic close to loading truck and excavator

Page 47: Heavy Highway Training

Loader with loaded material and moving traffic together

Page 48: Heavy Highway Training

Excavator too close to through lane

Page 49: Heavy Highway Training

Questionable physical separation between through traffic and heavy equipment – space for swing radius

of the equipment is a problem

Page 50: Heavy Highway Training

Workers working under operating crane; vehicle parked inside work space; and workers without hard hats and

safety vests

Page 51: Heavy Highway Training

A worker with a jack hammer close to through lane – Chipping hazard to moving traffic

Page 52: Heavy Highway Training

Injury potential is extremely high in highway and street construction work zones

Half of highway and street construction workers are killed by construction trucks and equipment

Development of Internal Traffic Control Plans is essential for safe operations inside the work space

It is imperative to eliminate conflicting movements of trucks, equipment and workers

Most of the construction site hazards also exist inside the work space