HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE

Some Properties of

HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE

By

PROF. ARUN KUMAR CHAKRABORTY

Associate Professor

Department of Civil EngineeringBengal Engineering and Science University

Shibpur; Howrah – 711 103; West Bengal

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Fly ash, a principal byproduct of coal burning power plants, is Fly ash, a principal byproduct of coal burning power plants, is

an industrial waste product containing large amounts of silica, an industrial waste product containing large amounts of silica,

alumina and small amount of unburned carbon, which pollutes alumina and small amount of unburned carbon, which pollutes

environment. This fly ash has real disposal problems, and should environment. This fly ash has real disposal problems, and should

hence be utilized effectively for various purposes.hence be utilized effectively for various purposes.

Fly ash, being primarily pozzolanic, can actually replace a Fly ash, being primarily pozzolanic, can actually replace a

percentage of the Portland cement, to produce a stronger, more percentage of the Portland cement, to produce a stronger, more

durable and more environment friendly concrete. durable and more environment friendly concrete.

The cement production process releases a lot of carbon-di-The cement production process releases a lot of carbon-di-

oxide in atmosphere, which is the primary green house gas that oxide in atmosphere, which is the primary green house gas that

causes global warming. Hence replacement of a considerable causes global warming. Hence replacement of a considerable

portion of cement by fly ash, can make a major contribution portion of cement by fly ash, can make a major contribution

toward solving the global warming problem. toward solving the global warming problem.

Fly Ash Concrete:Fly Ash Concrete:

In commercial practice, the dosage of fly ash is limited to In commercial practice, the dosage of fly ash is limited to

15%-30% by mass of the total cementitious material, which has a 15%-30% by mass of the total cementitious material, which has a

beneficial effect on the workability and cost economy of concrete beneficial effect on the workability and cost economy of concrete

but for improved durability against sulfate attack, alkali-silica but for improved durability against sulfate attack, alkali-silica

expansion, and thermal cracking, larger amounts of fly ash, are expansion, and thermal cracking, larger amounts of fly ash, are

necessary.necessary.

High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete:High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete:

According to some researchers, more than 30% fly ash by According to some researchers, more than 30% fly ash by

mass (equivalent as 50% by volume) of the cementitious mass (equivalent as 50% by volume) of the cementitious

material may be considered enough to classify the mixtures as material may be considered enough to classify the mixtures as

High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete. High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete.

It is possible to produce sustainable, high performance It is possible to produce sustainable, high performance

concrete mixtures with 50% or more cement replacement by fly concrete mixtures with 50% or more cement replacement by fly

ash. ash.

Behaviour of High Volume Fly Ash in Concrete:Behaviour of High Volume Fly Ash in Concrete:

It is generally observed that a higher substitution of Portland It is generally observed that a higher substitution of Portland

cement by fly ash reduces the water requirement for obtaining cement by fly ash reduces the water requirement for obtaining

a given workability, mainly due to three mechanisms:a given workability, mainly due to three mechanisms:

Fly ash gets absorbed on the surface of oppositely charged Fly ash gets absorbed on the surface of oppositely charged

cement particles and prevent them from flocculation, releasing cement particles and prevent them from flocculation, releasing

large amounts of water, thereby reducing the water-demand for large amounts of water, thereby reducing the water-demand for

a given workability.a given workability.

The spherical shape and the smooth surface of fly ash The spherical shape and the smooth surface of fly ash

particles help to reduce the interparticle friction and thus particles help to reduce the interparticle friction and thus

facilitate mobility.facilitate mobility.

Due to its lower density and higher volume per unit mass, fly Due to its lower density and higher volume per unit mass, fly

ash is a more efficient void-filler than Portland cement.ash is a more efficient void-filler than Portland cement.

Applications of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete:Applications of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete:

HVFA system has proven to be an economical construction HVFA system has proven to be an economical construction

material. Several applications of HVFA concrete in structures, material. Several applications of HVFA concrete in structures,

and pavements have been reported all over the world.and pavements have been reported all over the world.

Few information are available on long term properties and Few information are available on long term properties and

durability aspects of HVFA concrete, particularly, in India, durability aspects of HVFA concrete, particularly, in India,

where there is a lot of variation in quality and properties of fly where there is a lot of variation in quality and properties of fly

ash. ash.

A detailed study is hence necessary to reveal these A detailed study is hence necessary to reveal these

aspects before prescribing the High Volume Fly Ash aspects before prescribing the High Volume Fly Ash

Technology in practical application considering the availability Technology in practical application considering the availability

of local materials and climatic condition in our country.of local materials and climatic condition in our country.

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMEXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

MATERIALS USED:MATERIALS USED:

Detailed properties of cement and fly ash is given in Detailed properties of cement and fly ash is given in Table 1..

Detailed properties of Coarse and Fine aggregates are shown Detailed properties of Coarse and Fine aggregates are shown

in in Table 2..

Conplast SP430 manufactured by M/S Fosroc India Ltd. Conplast SP430 manufactured by M/S Fosroc India Ltd.

Bangalore, has been used as a superplasticizer (conforming to Bangalore, has been used as a superplasticizer (conforming to

ASTM C 494 type F) and Pidicrete CF-21 manufactured by Pidilite ASTM C 494 type F) and Pidicrete CF-21 manufactured by Pidilite

Industries has been used as normal plasticizer (ASTM Type A).Industries has been used as normal plasticizer (ASTM Type A).

TYPES OF CONCRETE MIXES:TYPES OF CONCRETE MIXES:

Detailed mix proportions are given in tables Detailed mix proportions are given in tables T3.1, T3.2, T3.3, T3.4, T3.5 and T3.6.

Table1: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Materials usedTable1: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Materials used

Physical TestsCement OPC

(Ambuja)Cement PPC

(Ambuja)Fly ash

Garden Reach

•Specific gravity Experimental Value 3.17 3.12 2.03

IS Code Requirement 3.15 - -

•Fineness Experimental Value - passing 45 micron 84 92 88

-specific surface, Blaine, cm2/g 3294 3402 4892

IS Code Requirement 2250 3000 -

•Compressive strength of 70.7 mm cubes, Mpa 3 - day 30.12 27.91 -

7 - day 37.22 37.49 -

28 - day 42.83 47.44 -

IS Code Requirement 3 - day 27 16 -

7 - day 37 22 -

28 - day 53 33 -

Chemical Analysis (%)

•Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 18.67 - 57.1

•Aluminium oxide (AI2O3) 6.07 - 27.1

•Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) 4.96 - 7.4

•Calcium oxide (CaO) 60.12 - 2.1

•Magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.13 2.93 1.2

•Alkalis equivalent - - 2.42

•Titanium oxide (TiO2) - - 1.2

•Sulphur trioxide (SO3) 2.57 2.68 0.1

•Loss on ignition 1.98 1.95 1.3

Table2: Grading of Coarse and Fine AggregateTable2: Grading of Coarse and Fine Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate

Indian Standard Requirements for Coarse Aggregate

As per IS 383

Fine Aggregate

Indian Standard

Requirements for Fine

AggregateAs per IS 383

Sieve Size mm

Type IPassing

%

Type IIPassing

%

Type I(20mm graded)

Type II(16mm graded)

Sieve Sizemm

Passing %

Passing%

( For Grading Zone II )

20.00 100.00 100.00 95-100 100 4.75 100.0 90-100

16.00 90.00 100.00 - 90-100 2.36 95.7 75-100

12.50 - - - - 1.18 82.2 55-90

10.00 50.00 51.54 25-55 30-70 0.60 55.1 35-59

4.75 2.12 0.00 0-10 0-10 0.30 12.6 0-30

2.36 - - - - 0.15 0.9 0-10

Table T3.1: Mix Proportion and Fresh Properties of Table T3.1: Mix Proportion and Fresh Properties of different M20 concrete mixes having cementitious different M20 concrete mixes having cementitious material content 350 Kg/mmaterial content 350 Kg/m33 made with O.P.C made with O.P.C

Mix No.

Fly Ash %

Cement %

AggregateW/CM

WRA L/m3

C.F.

Slump

mmCoars

ekg/m3

Finekg/m3

OL-0 0 100

1217 745

0.50 3.0 0.94 75

OL-30 30 70 0.48 1.8 0.94 105

OL-40 40 60 0.46 3.1 0.95 105

OL-50 50 50 0.43 3.8 0.92 95


Mix No.

Fly Ash %

Cement %

AggregateW/CM

S.P. L/m3

C.F.

Slump

mmCoars

ekg/m3

Finekg/m3

OM-0 0 100

1183 800

0.40 5.5 0.94 120

OM-30 30 70 0.36 4.9 0.92 110

OM-40 40 60 0.34 4.6 0.95 105

OM-50 50 50 0.32 4.6 0.91 120


Mix No.

Fly Ash %

Cement %

AggregateW/CM

S.P. L/m3

C.F.

Slump

mmCoars

ekg/m3

Finekg/m3

OH-0 0 100

1125 675

0.32 9.6 0.92 105

OH-30 30 70 0.29 5.8 0.95 95

OH-40 40 60 0.29 7.8 0.95 100

OH-50 50 50 0.28 6.2 0.93 115

Table T3.4: Mix Proportion and Fresh Properties of Table T3.4: Mix Proportion and Fresh Properties of different M20 concrete mixes having cementitious material different M20 concrete mixes having cementitious material content 350 Kg/mcontent 350 Kg/m33 made with P.P.C made with P.P.C

Mix No.

Fly Ash %

Cement %

AggregateW/CM

WRA L/m3

C.F.

Slump

mmCoars

ekg/m3

Finekg/m3

PL-0 30 70

1217 745

0.52 3.6 0.95 80

PL-40 40 60 0.48 2.7 0.91 95

PL-50 50 50 0.46 3.7 0.93 110


Mix No.

Fly Ash %

Cement %

AggregateW/CM

S.P. L/m3

C.F.

Slump

mmCoars

ekg/m3

Finekg/m3

PM-0 30 70

1183 800

0.42 5.5 0.92 90

PM-40 40 60 0.38 5.6 0.92 125

PM-50 50 50 0.36 5.4 0.95 115


Mix No.

Fly Ash %

Cement %

AggregateW/CM

S.P. L/m3

C.F.

Slump

mmCoars

ekg/m3

Finekg/m3

PH-0 30 70

1125 675

0.34 9.6 0.94 85

PH-40 40 60 0.32 5.8 0.93 110

PH-50 50 50 0.30 6.4 0.93 110

TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE SAMPLES:TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE SAMPLES:

Compressive strength at 28days, 91days, 180 days and 365 Compressive strength at 28days, 91days, 180 days and 365

days as per IS 516:1959.days as per IS 516:1959.

Flexural strengths at 28, 91 and 365 days as per IS516: 1959.Flexural strengths at 28, 91 and 365 days as per IS516: 1959.

Splitting tensile strengths at 28, 91 and 365 days as per IS Splitting tensile strengths at 28, 91 and 365 days as per IS

5816: 1999.5816: 1999.

Abrasion test at 56 and 365 days as per IS 1237: 1980.Abrasion test at 56 and 365 days as per IS 1237: 1980.

Water Permeability at 56 and 365 days as per DIN1048 part V.Water Permeability at 56 and 365 days as per DIN1048 part V.

Rebound Hammer Test and Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Test as Rebound Hammer Test and Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Test as

per IS 13311: 1992 Part I & II. per IS 13311: 1992 Part I & II.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VS %

FLYASH FOR M20 CONCRETE

HAVING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL

CONTENT 350 KG/M3 MADE WITH

O.P.C. & P.P.C.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

% flyash(as replacement of cement)

Co

mp

ress

ive

Str

eng

th (M

Pa)

91 days

180 days

365 days

28 days

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

30 35 40 45 50 55

% flyash (as replacement of cement)

com

pres

sive

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

28 days

365 days

180 days

91 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH vs %




O.P.C. & P.P.C.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


com

mpr

essi

ve s

tren

gth

(MP

a) 91 days180 days

365 days

28 days

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

30 35 40 45 50 55


com

pres

sive

str

engt

h (M

pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days 180 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH vs %




O.P.C. & P.P.C.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


com

pre

ssiv

e st

ren

gth

(MP

a)

28 days

91 days

180 days

365 days

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

30 35 40 45 50 55


com

pre

ssiv

e st

ren

gth

(MP

a)28 days

91 days

365 days

180 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.

Comparison of Compressive Strength of M20 Concrete having cementitious

material content 350 Kg/m3 using O.P.C & P.P.C. for different % of Fly Ash

46 4440 40 41

38

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50

% flyash (as replacement of cement )

co

mp

res

siv

e s

tre

ng

th (

MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C

54 55

4145

51 49

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


com

pres

sive

stre

ngth

(MPa

)

O.P.C.

P.P.C

28 Days28 Days28 Days28 Days 91 Days91 Days91 Days91 Days

Comparison of Compressive Strength of Concrete having cementitious

material content 350 Kg/m3 using O.P.C & P.P.C. for different % of Fly Ash.

57

67

5347 49

62

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


com

pres

sive

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

O.P.C

P.P.C.

61

7167

4852

66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50

% flyash (as replacement of cement)co

mpr

essi

ve s

tren

gth

(MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

180 180 DaysDays

180 180 DaysDays

365 365 DaysDays

365 365 DaysDays



5559

5046

52 51

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50

%flyash(as replacement of cement)

com

pres

sive

str

engt

h(M

Pa)

O.P.C.

P.P.C

6672

5857 59 60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


com

pres

sive

str

engt

h(M

Pa)

O.P.C.

P.P.C




68 67

5855 57

61

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


co

mp

res

siv

e s

tre

ng

th(M

Pa

)

O.P.C.

P.P.C

70 72

6055

64

55

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


mpr

essi

ve s

tren

gth

(MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

180 180 DaysDays

180 180 DaysDays 365 Days365 Days365 Days365 Days



68

60

7066

62

52

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


com

pre

ssiv

e st

ren

gth

(MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C

7772 72

68 6965

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


mp

ress

ive

stre

ng

th (M

Pa)

O.P.C.

P.P.C




64

75 7670 72

67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


com

pre

ssiv

e st

ren

gth

(MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C

8178 78

72 7368

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

30 40 50


mpr

essi

ve s

tren

gth

(MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

180 180 DaysDays

180 180 DaysDays

365 365 DaysDays

365 365 DaysDays

SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH VS %

FLYASH FOR M20 CONCRETE HAVING

CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL CONTENT

350 KG/M3 MADE WITH O.P.C. & P.P.C.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

flyash (%)

Spl

it T

ensi

le S

tren

gth

(Mpa

)

28 days91 days365 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

flyash (%)

Spl

it Te

nsile

Str

engt

h(M

pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.





O.P.C. & P.P.C.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

flyash (%)

Spl

it Te

nsile

Str

engt

h (M

pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

flyash (%)

Sp

lit T

ensi

le S

tren

gth

(Mp

a)28 days91 days

365 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.





O.P.C. & P.P.C.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

flyash (%)

Sp

lit T

ensi

le S

tren

gth

(Mp

a)

28 days

91 days

365 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

flyash (%)

Spl

it T

ensi

le S

tren

gth(

Mpa

)28 days

91 days

365 days

O.P.O.P.C.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.

Comparison of 28 Days Split Tensile Strength of Concrete having different

cementitious material content using O.P.C & P.P.C. for different % of Fly Ash.

4.43 4.35

3.72

4.865.21

3.98

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

30 40 50

FLYASH %

28 D

ays

Sp

lit T

ensi

le S

tren

gth

(Mp

a)

O.P.C

P.P.C

3.4 3.46

2.55

3.55 3.5

2.55

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

30 40 50

FLYASH %

28

Da

ys

Sp

lit T

en

sile

Str

en

gth

(M

pa

)

O.P.C

P.P.C

3.673.94

4.28 4.29

3.65

4.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

30 40 50

FLYASH %

28

Da

ys

Sp

lit T

en

sile

Str

en

gth

(M

pa

)

O.P.C

P.P.C

450 Kg/m450 Kg/m33

350 Kg/m350 Kg/m33 400 Kg/m400 Kg/m33



3.944.28

3.94.51 4.43

3.56

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 40 50

FLYASH %

91

Da

ys

Sp

lit T

en

sile

Str

en

gth

(M

pa

)

O.P.C

P.P.C3.76

5.084.87

3.674.24

3.41

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 40 50

FLYASH %

91 D

ays

Sp

lit T

ensi

le S

tren

gth

(Mp

a)

O.P.C

P.P.C

4.52

3.54.02

5.92

5.125.57

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 40 50

FLYASH %

91

Da

ys

Sp

lit T

en

sile

Str

en

gth

(M

pa

)

O.P.C

P.P.C

450 Kg/m450 Kg/m33

350 Kg/m350 Kg/m33 400 Kg/m400 Kg/m33



4.69

5.67

4.595.05

5.88

5.06

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 40 50

FLYASH %

36

5 D

ay

s S

plit

Te

ns

ile S

tre

ng

th (

Mp

a)

O.P.C

P.P.C

4.83

5.596.23

4.004.25 4.53

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 40 50

FLYASH %

365

Day

s S

plit

Ten

sile

Str

eng

th (M

pa)

O.P.C

P.P.C

4.645.34

4.885.28 5.38

6.17

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 40 50

FLYASH %

36

5 D

ay

s S

plit

Te

ns

ile S

tre

ng

th (

Mp

a)

O.P.C

P.P.C

450 Kg/m450 Kg/m33

350 Kg/m350 Kg/m33 400 Kg/m400 Kg/m33

FLEXURAL STRENGTH VS % FLY ASH

FOR CONCRETE HAVING



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

% of flyash (as replacement of cement)

Flex

ural

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 35 40 45 50 55 60


Fle

xura

l str

eng

th (M

Pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.


FOR CONCRETE HAVING



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


Flex

ural

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 35 40 45 50 55 60


Fle

xura

l str

eng

th (

MP

a)28 days

91 days

365 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.


FOR CONCRETE HAVING



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


Flex

ural

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

28 days

91 days

365 days

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 35 40 45 50 55 60


Fle

xura

l str

eng

th (

MP

a)28 days

91 days

365 days

O.P.C.O.P.C.

P.P.C.P.P.C.

Comparison of 28 Days Flexural Strength of Concrete having different


5.47 5.56

4.54.94

5.66 5.77

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l s

tren

gth

(M

Pa)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

450 Kg/m450 Kg/m33

350 Kg/m350 Kg/m33 400 Kg/m400 Kg/m33

5.53

6.545.89

5.27

6.52

5.61

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l str

eng

th (

MP

a)

OPC

PPC

8.84

6.72 6.997.34 7.187.77

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l str

eng

th (

MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.



5.61

7.87

6.026.54 6.58

6.97

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l s

tre

ng

th (

MP

a)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

450 Kg/m450 Kg/m33

350 Kg/m350 Kg/m33 400 Kg/m400 Kg/m33

7.39 7.5

6.536.45

8.89

8.00

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l str

eng

th (

MP

a)

OPC

PPC

9.38

7.837.06

7.677.25 7.03

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


fle

xu

ral

str

en

gth

(M

Pa

)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.



6.83

9.83

8.157.98

5.93

9.27

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l str

en

gth

(M

Pa)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

450 Kg/m450 Kg/m33

350 Kg/m350 Kg/m33 400 Kg/m400 Kg/m33

8.08 8.05

6.48

8.15 8.04

8.94

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


flex

ura

l str

eng

th (

MP

a)

OPC

PPC

9.55

8.55 8.75

9.9610.59

9.52

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30 40 50


fle

xu

ral

str

en

gth

(M

Pa

)

O.P.C.

P.P.C.

Change in Compressive Strength (with respect to 28 days) of Concrete

made with O.P.C. and P.P.C having cementitious material content

350 Kg/m3 for different % of Fly Ash due to various exposures.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CH

AN

GE

IN

CO

MP

RE

SSIV

E S

TR

EN

GT

H

W.R

.T. 2

8 D

AY

S (%

)

Air

MgCl2

MgSO4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CH

AN

GE

IN

CO

MP

RE

SSIV

E S

TR

EN

GT

H

W.R

.T. 2

8 D

AY

S (%

)

Air

MgCl2

MgSO4

O.P.O.P.C.C.

P.P.P.P.C.C.




O.P.O.P.C.C.

P.P.P.P.C.C.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CH

AN

GE

IN

CO

MP

RE

SSIV

E S

TR

EN

GT

H

W.R

.T. 2

8 D

AY

S (%

)

Air

MgCl2

MgSO4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)C

HA

NG

E I

N C

OM

PR

ESS

IVE

ST

RE

NG

TH

W

.R.T

. 28

DA

YS

(%)

Air

MgCl2

MgSO4




O.P.O.P.C.C.

P.P.P.P.C.C.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CH

AN

GE

IN

CO

MP

RE

SSIV

E S

TR

EN

GT

H

W.R

.T. 2

8 D

AY

S (%

)

Air

MgCl2

MgSO4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)C

HA

NG

E I

N C

OM

PR

ESS

IVE

ST

RE

NG

TH

W

.R.T

. 28

DA

YS

(%)

Air

MgCl2

MgSO4

Depth of Carbonation for Concrete made with O.P.C. and P.P.C.

having different cementitious material content for different

percentages of Fly Ash after 365 days exposure in air.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CA

RB

ON

AT

ION

DE

PTH

(mm

)

OPC

PPC

350 350 Kg/mKg/m

33

ProceduProcedurere

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CA

RBO

NA

TIO

N D

EPTH

(mm

)

OPC

PPC

400 400 Kg/mKg/m

33

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

CA

RBO

NA

TIO

N D

EPTH

(mm

)OPC

PPC

450 450 Kg/mKg/m

33

Abrasion Thickness of Concrete made with O.P.C. and P.P.C.

having cementitious material content 350 kg/m3 for different

percentages of Fly Ash at early and later ages

O.P.CO.P.C..

P.P.CP.P.C..

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 30 50

FLY ASH (% )

AB

RA

SIO

N T

HIC

KN

ESS

(mm

) 56 Days

365 Days

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 30 50

FLY ASH (% )

AB

RA

SIO

N T

HIC

KN

ESS

(mm

) 56 Days

365 Days




O.P.CO.P.C..

P.P.CP.P.C..

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 30 50

FLY ASH (% )

AB

RA

SIO

N T

HIC

KN

ESS

(mm

) 56 Days

365 Days

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 30 50

FLY ASH (% )

AB

RA

SIO

N T

HIC

KN

ESS

(mm

) 56 Days

365 Days




O.P.CO.P.C..

P.P.CP.P.C..

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

AB

RA

SIO

N T

HIC

KN

ESS

(m

m) 56 Days

365 Days

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

AB

RA

SIO

N T

HIC

KN

ESS

(m

m) 56 Days

365 Days

WATER PERMEABILITY OF CONCRETE FOR DIFFERENT

PERCENTAGES OF FLY ASH AT 365 DAYS.

350 350 Kg/mKg/m

33

400 400 Kg/mKg/m

33

400 400 Kg/mKg/m

33

350 350 Kg/mKg/m

33

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

WA

TE

R P

ER

ME

AB

ILIT

Y (m

m) 365

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

WA

TE

R P

ER

ME

AB

ILIT

Y (m

m)

365Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

WA

TE

R P

ER

ME

AB

ILIT

Y (m

m)

365Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 30 50

FLY ASH (%)

WA

TE

R P

ER

ME

AB

ILIT

Y (m

m)

365Days

O.P.O.P.CC

P.P.P.P.CC

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION For similar cementitious material content and similar range of For similar cementitious material content and similar range of

slump, the use of fly ash (0 to 50 %) decreased the water-to-slump, the use of fly ash (0 to 50 %) decreased the water-to-

cementitious-material ratio in general.cementitious-material ratio in general.

The long term strength of the concrete containing fly ash is The long term strength of the concrete containing fly ash is

higher than that of control concrete without fly ash.higher than that of control concrete without fly ash.

Abrasion resistance of fly ash concrete is less than Abrasion resistance of fly ash concrete is less than

corresponding samples without fly ash both at early and longer corresponding samples without fly ash both at early and longer

ages, in general. The loss of thickness due to abrasion increases ages, in general. The loss of thickness due to abrasion increases

with percentage of fly ash in concrete.with percentage of fly ash in concrete.

The fly ash concrete shows lower water permeability compared The fly ash concrete shows lower water permeability compared

to that of control concrete.to that of control concrete.

The depth of carbonation is increased with the increase in The depth of carbonation is increased with the increase in

percentage replacement of fly ash in concrete.percentage replacement of fly ash in concrete.

Education

HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE