A brief explanation a about what the Himalayas are in informative and Interesting content and through Photogarphs. Useful for school kids and college goings students as well
- 1. THE HIMALAYAS Acknowledgements : Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne,
S.P.College Pune - 30
2. The Himalayas : Basic Facts Called Himadri, Himvan, Himanchal
Central Axial Range : 22 degrees of Longitude. Total Distance :
2400 Km Total Area : 5 lakh sq km Central Pivot : Pamir Plateau
Southern Boundary : 300 m contour Northern Boundary : Obscure &
merges with edge ofTibetean Plateau Peaks : 8000(14), 7500(20),
7300(94) 6000(NC) 3. Features High Altitude SteepGradient Deeply
DissectedTopography Complex Geological Structure Snow capped
summits RichTemperate Flora in Sub-tropical latitude 4. topography
5. Origin Upliftment in Phases Great Geosyncline Sea ofTethys
Squeezed folds between Gondwana and Angaraland Convex shape towards
south (due o push of Aravalis and Assom ranges) Multiple ranges due
to a long phase of pushing 3 phases : 120 mybp Great Himalayas 25
to 30 mybp Middle Himalayas 2 to 20 mybp - Shiwaliks 6. Evidences
Late Cretaceous to-Date Avg. Ht 1mybp 2410 m Now - 3050 Earthquake
Occurrences Isostatic Equilibrium Fossils alongTibetian Plateau and
Shiwaliks are similar (similar climate) Youthful Himalayan rivers
in Rejuvenation (Terraces along Banks) 7. Building Process
-PlateTectonics -Process still going on -One more fracture has
appeared in the outer fringes of the Shiwaliks -JCB operating from
opposite directions 8. Division of Himalayas REGIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL
GEOLOGICAL 9. The Himalayan Ranges Series of parallel ranges
Intermediate deep valleys Hogback appearance Abrupt rise in Oudh
and Bengal Western Himalayas Gradual 10. Variation in cover 11.
Shiwaliks Outermost range 2400 km long (Potwar Plateau to
Bramhaputra valley) Width 50km(H.P.) 15km (A.P.) Avg. Height 600 to
1500m Mid-Miocene to Lower Pleistocene (sands, gravels,
conglomerate) Jammu, Dhang, Dundhwa,Churia Ghat, Dafla, Miri,
Mishmi, Abor The Doons/Duns Chos Western Eastern 12. Middle
Himalayas Lesser Himalayas/Himanchal Width 60-80 km Average
elevation 3500-4500m Pir Panjal, Dhola Dhar, Mussoorie, NagTibba,
Mahabharat Lekh KashmirValley (40km wide, 135 km long, 1600m
elevation, 5000 sq km) Shimla, Nainital, Ranikhet,Almora,
Mussoorie, Darjeeling Less hostile and friendly for Human contact
13. Great Himalayas Inner Himalayas, Central Himalayas Width 25 km
Avg. Elevation 6100 m Nanga Parbat- Namcha Barva Mt. Everest 8850
m, 5th March 2005 (Sir George Everest,1841,1852, Peak XV, 1865)
Sagarmatha, Chomlungna, Qomolangma Passes : Buezila, Zojila (J
&K), Bara lachla Shipkila (HP),Thangla, Nitila (UK), Nathula,
Jhelepla(Sikkim) 14. Zoji la 15. Trans Himalayas - Tibetian
Himalayas Length 1000 km, Avg. Elevation 3000 m Zaskar, Ladakh,
Kailas (Gangdise), Karakoram (Krishnagiri) K (Godwin Austin),
Gasherbrum I & II, Broad Peak Ladakh Plateau (plains Soda,
Aksai Chin, Depsang) 2 16. Glacial Boulders 17. The Purvanchal
Beyond Dihang Arunachal Pradesh to Mizoram Patkai Bum, Naga Hills,
Manipur Hills, Mizo Hills Blue Mountain (2157m) Dense forests,
rough terrain, swift streams. 18. Bhutan 19. Sikkim 20.
International Boundaries of India are distorted 21. Contemporary
Issues Unsustainable resource generation Deforestation Soil Erosion
Floods River Course shifting TheThird Pole Geo-politics 22. Kashmir
23. THE HIMALAYAS Acknowledgements : Dr. Manojkumar P. Devne,
S.P.College Pune 30 [email protected], mob-9422353525 Thank
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