The Holy Roman EmperorsAnd

The PopesChapter 9 Section 2

Otto I (962)

Appointed bishops and abbots to government jobs

Took an army to Italy to help the pope put down a

rebellion by Roman nobles

Crowned EMPEROR by the Pope

Holy Roman Empire established

Italy

France

The Holy Romans EMPERORS' Lands Holy, because crowned by Pope ... Roman,

because viewed themselves as heirs of Roman Emperors

HRE Henry IV

Fought with the HRE Henry IV over appointment of church officials

Excommunicated Henry

Banned Lay Investiture

German princes support the Pope to undermine Henry

Henry repented to the Pope at Canossa

Henry took an army to Rome and forced the Pope into exile

Pope Gregory VII

Lay Investiture

Concordat of Worms

Bans Lay Investiture

The Church had the sole power to elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority

The Emperor had the right to invest them with fiefs

Frederick I Barbarrosa

Wanted to build an empire from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea

Fought for northern Italian cities

Arranges a marriage for his son with an Italian heiress

Italian cities and Pope defeat him

Leads to German emperors more involved with Italian affairs

Frederick IIGrandson of Frederick I

Raise in Italy

More Italian then German Clashed with Pope

German nobles become more powerful

Southern Italy in ruins

Innocent III

Claimed supremacy over all rulers

Clashed with King John over the appointing of Archbishop of Canterbury

Clashed with King Philip II of France over an annulment

Clashed with HRE Frederick II

Albigensian Crusade; thousands of people killed

Albigensian Crusade

Pope Innocent and King Philip IV of France launched a holy war against the Albigensians in

Southern France.