INCORPORATING SOURCES

QUOTING, SUMMARIZING, AND PARAPHASING

Incorporating Sources

When using sources in the text of your paper, you must not let your own voice be “drowned out” or “overpowered” by the sources you cite.

Review

Incorporating Sources

SCC

Incorporating Sources

SIGNAL with a Lead-In Phrase that identifies the author and/or source of information. (You want to make it clear that you are referring to someone else’s idea, not claiming it as your own.)

CITE the source by either using a direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary.

COMMENT on the idea expressed in the citation.

Incorporating Sources

Give proper credit

to your sources.

AVOID PLAGIARISM

Incorporating Sources

Structuring your citations in this manner is similar to leading a discussion as a keynote speaker.

You are in charge of the presentation and invite expert opinions during the course of your speech.

Incorporating Sources

Your “panel of experts” supports your thesis, and you are the primary voice.

Incorporating Sources

Direct Quotation: Using the exact words of an author in your paper

Paraphrase: A detailed restatement of someone else’s idea expressed in your own words.

Summary: Putting the main idea(s) into your own words.

Summarizing

Example One

Summarizing

Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of waterJack fell down and broke his crown

And Jill came tumbling after.Up got Jack, and home did trot

As fast as he could caperHe went to bed and bound his head

With vinegar and brown paper.

Summarizing

One possible summary:

A boy and girl climbed a hill to get water.

They both fell and were hurt.

The boy used a homemade

remedy for his head injury.

Summarizing

Example Two

Summarizing

At a typical soccer match we are likely to see players committing deliberate fouls, often behind the referee's back. They might try to take a throw-in or a free kick from an incorrect but more advantageous positions in defiance of the clearly stated rules of the game. They sometimes challenge the rulings of the referee or linesmen in an offensive way which often deserves exemplary punishment or even sending off. No wonder spectators fight amongst themselves, damage stadiums, or take the law into their own hands by invading the pitch in the hope of affecting the outcome of the match.' [100 words]

Summarizing

One Possible Summary

Unsportsmanlike behavior by soccer players may cause rowdiness among spectators. [10

words]

Summarizing

Example Three:

Betwixt the imbecilic simpleton and his pecuniary median, an immediate antipodal frame of reference will occur.

Summarizing

A fool and his money are soon parted.

Incorporating Sources