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3 Major Theories In Language acquisition
Behaviorism Innativism
Interactionism
environment cognition
Environment +
cognition
Vygotsky laid the foundation for interactionist
,Other interactionist theorists apply Vygotsky’s
socio-cultural theory and hypothesize that,They
think second language learners gain proficiency
when they interact with more advanced speakers
of the language e.g teachers, proficient students
etc.
Long's interaction hypothesis proposes that language acquisition is strongly facilitated by the use of the target language in interaction.
Based on this approach, learners should beexposed to comprehensible, negotiated, or modified input in their attempts to acquire a language.
Long believes that Comprehensible input is a necessity for language acquisition influenced by Krashen’s Input Hypothesis.
Long proposes that conversation facilitates Language acquisition :
conversation makes input comprehensible
comprehension will promote acquisition
Conversation makes input comprehension through
Modified input Modified Interaction
Modified Input : refers to modifications to the linguistic forms directed at NNS, they may be in grammatical or ungrammatical forms.
Modified Interaction : refer to modifications to the interactional structures of NS-NNS conversation and they are usually in the form of clarification request , Confirmation checks, Repetitions and etc.
response
Trigger → signal → response → resolution to response(Indicator)
This negotiation will provide direct or indirect forms of feedback including : correction, comprehension checks, clarification requests, topic shifts, repetitions, and recasts.
This is a routine non-understanding negotiation interaction model :
Interactionist Approach is considered to have two versions:
weak version : acknowledges that interaction is beneficial or evenNecessary for learning by providing learners to comprehensible, negotiated, or modified input
Strong Version : recognizes interaction as a basic and fundamental dimension of learners’ everyday lives.
To summarize the above discussion, Interactionist Approach is said to have the following effects on second language acquisition:
* It helps to promote communication.
* It facilitates learning as it helps noticing a ‘gap’ between received input and the learner’s output.
* It enables learners to receive feedback through direct and indirect evidence .
* It helps acquisition at least where vocabulary is concerned.
* Clarification requests facilitate learners to produce output modifications.
Keep CalmIt’s Over !
Thanks For Your attention
