INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHClimate and Planning

Professional PracticeOmkar Parishwad

2010MURP007

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

Climate and its relation to Planning

Micro: Buildings and Climate

Macro: Climatic data interpretation for CDP

Climatic changes: Vulnerability and

Adaptation

Case Study: Climate vs. Master Plan

(Adaptability) of Surat

CLIMATE RELATED PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS

Min. of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

Min. of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)

Min. of Power (MoP)

Min. of Urban Development (MoUD)

Department of Science and Technology (DST)

Central Statistical Office (CSO)

Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)

Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe)

Gov. funded Urban Projects: JNNURM, National Urban Sanitation Policy, Service level Benchmarking..

International: United Nations Development Program, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), etc.

CLIMATIC DATA INTERPRETATION IN CDP

Sustainable Planning Inclusive Growth This preparation includes risk assessments, prioritization

of projects, funding and allocation of both financial and human resources, solution development and implementation, and rapid deployment of information sharing and decision support tools as part of climate risk management and disaster preparedness.

This should be mainstreamed into development plans like City Development Plans and Master plans.

TYPES AND LEVELS OF CLIMATIC CHANGES..Change in Climate Impact on Urban areas

Temperature Increased Energy Demands (heating/cooling)Air quality/ urban heat islands..

Precipitation Increased Risk of Flooding, Landslides, distress migration..

Sea level Rise Coastal Flooding, agriculture & tourism affected, salinization..

Extreme Rainfall/ Cyclones

More intense flooding, landslides, disruption to livelihoods, damage to city economies..

Drought Water shortage, high food price, disruption of hydro-electricity, migration from rural areas..

Heat/Cold waves Increase in energy demands (heating/cooling)

Abrupt/Extreme climate Changes

Population movements, significant impacts from sea-level rise, temperature change, Biological changes..

Source: Compiled from various sources

SURAT MASTERPLAN: FLOOD PRONE AREASThe city is vulnerable to extreme weather events (cyclones, flooding and drought), sea level rise and salinity, and increased temperature.

Direct Climatic Impact: Economic, social, andenvironmental costs to city, in part because of the physical exposure of populations, natural resources, and infrastructure.

Indirect Climatic Impact: Urban Poor, Disaster response and recovery, Backup systems such as energy, water and sanitation, food reserves, medical supplies, weak enforcement of policies on land use, building codes, environmental regulations..

Factors that affect investment in Hazira and adaptation strategies at various levels

Related Source: Clark MJ (1977). The relationship between coastal zone management and offshore economic development. Maritime policy and management, 4:436, p 431-449.

ADAPTATION RESPONSE..

Urban flood management – Clearing of channels; improved solid waste and drainage management; structural controls (e.g., dikes, flood barriers); flood adapted design and relocation into lower risk areas (with careful consideration of the political, social, and cultural sensitivities of relocation); and post-disaster reconstruction planning.

Water supply – Improved access to water for the informal sector, policies to address cost inequities, and access to emergency supplies; demand-side management; protection of private and public groundwater supplies.

Public services – Increased awareness and assistance redundant/emergency energy and water services, transportation, and communications.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT..

Incorporate Disaster Management Plan as part of the Master Plan.

Build stronger database for the city to increase Preparedness. Frame higher safety standards for contractors and Builders. Flood control initiatives

No Encroachment /Construction in risk area Protective hard embankment River trenching Emergency response centre Emergency plan – Place & training

Vulnerable Sectors

Vulnerability Indicators Adaptation

Land and Beach

Low elevation Population Pressure

1. Develop flood control measures for islands.2. Protect house reef to maintain natural

defence of islands.

Human Settlements

1. Housing designs, structures and materials are not adapted to flooding.

2. The flooring of houses does not have adequate elevation from the ground.

1. Strengthen land-use planning as a tool for protection of human settlements.

2. Improve building designs to increase resilience.

Critical Infrastructur

e1.Airport

2.Power Houses

1. The infrastructure of the two international airports is within 50m of the coastline

2. In the islands, 80% of the powerhouses are located within 100m of coastline

1. Installation of system of protective barriers (called tetra pods).

2. Diversify the tourist Impacts and Vulnerabilities product to reduce over-dependency on marine environment.

Tourism 1. Most of the beaches are the hotspots of the tourism industry.

2. The resorts catering to the tourists are at very low elevation from the mean sea level.

1. Mainstreaming adaptation in the design of the tourism related structures like, elevating the structures and use of flood resistant materials

Water resources

1. The freshwater aquifer lying beneath the islands is shallow, 1 to 1.5m below the surface.

Promote healthy islands and healthy buildings.

VULNERABILITY VS PLANNING..

“Communities around the world need better weapons — new tools, techniques, and strategies — if they hope to tame the three-headed hydra of climate risk, poverty, and precipitous urbanization (...) Since it may be too late to stop the global warming that’s already occurred, we must figure out how to survive it…we must know how to adapt to it…. - Judith Rodin, President, The Rockefeller Foundation

Thank You…