Infectious Disease Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep

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INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

K N O W M E D G E

INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

Infectious Disease Email: support@knowmedge.com Website: www.knowmedge.com Facebook: www.facebook.com/knowmedge Twitter: www.twitter.com/knowmedge YouTube: www.youtube.com/knowmedge Google+: www.google.com/+knowmedge Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/knowmedge Copyright © 2015 Knowmedge ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means–graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution–without the prior written permission of Knowmedge

Dear Reader, Thank you for downloading a copy of this eBook. If you are searching for study materials for your medical board exam, you are on the verge of a significant milestone in your professional journey. Knowmedge is a medical education learning platform that was launched in April 2013. It features over 900 Internal Medicine questions, 4,000+ flashcards, 1,500+ medical mnemonics… all designed to help you learn and reinforce the key concepts covered on the exam. In addition, each of the Knowmedge Internal Medicine questions features a highly interactive audio visual explanation, in which our content experts walk you through the principles underlying each question to methodically arrive at the correct answer. This book contains 50 quick review Infectious Disease flashcards written by the team of Knowmedge doctors. We hope you find the questions in this book to be a valuable asset as you prepare for your upcoming exam. If you are interested in learning more about Knowmedge, please visit us at www.knowmedge.com. If you have any questions about the contents of this eBook, send me a note at ravi@knowmedge.com Best of luck in your preparations! Sincerely,

Ravi Ravi Bhatia, MD Co-founder, Chief Editor Knowmedge

What is the causative organism of

chancroid?

Question 1

Haemophilus ducreyi

Answer 1

What are treatment options for

chancroid?

Question 2

Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin,

Erythromycin

Answer 2

What is the most common causative

organism of spontaneous bacterial

peritonitis (SBP)?

Question 3

The most common causative organism of

SBP is E. coli which is seen in about 40-

60% of cases.

Answer 3

The diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial

peritonitis (SBP) is made when the ascitic

fluid has a PMN count greater than

_______ or a single organism on culture.

Question 4

250/µL

Answer 4

What type of vaginitis is described? The

overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina

leads to a "fishy" or foul-smelling

discharge.

Question 5

Bacterial (Gardnerella) vaginosis

Answer 5

What kind of vaginitis is characterized by

"cottage cheese" discharge and

pseudohyphae on wet mount?

Question 6

Candidiasis

Answer 6

True or False: All age groups of women

may be affected by vaginitis, but patients

over the age of 60 are at greater risk.

Question 7

False; Patients are at greater risk during

their reproductive years.

Answer 7

An arthrocentesis showing white blood

cell (WBC) count greater than ______

will confirm the diagnosis of septic

arthritis.

Question 8

50,000/µL

Answer 8

True or False: Nocardia can cause lung,

brain and skin infections and does not

manifest as an infection in the urine

Question 9

True

Answer 9

Patients who have intranuclear or

intracytoplasmic inclusions on a

urinalysis, increasing creatinine level,

and are status-post transplant on

tacrolimus likely have what condition?

Question 10

Human polyomavirus nephropathy

Answer 10

__________ is a bacterial infection that

typically starts in the lungs and can affect

the brain and skin as well.

Question 11

Nocardiosis

Answer 11

Nocardia is a (weakly or strongly?) acid

fast organism.

Question 12

Strongly

Answer 12

True or False: Nocardia is a branching

and filamentous Gram positive organism.

Question 13

True

Answer 13

____________ is a foodborne illness and

generally impacts patients at the

extremes of age, pregnant women or

those with weakened immune systems.

Question 14

Listeriosis

Answer 14

(Giardiasis or Toxoplasmosis?) is a

parasitic disease that passes from

animals like cats to humans.

Question 15

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 15

What condition results in acute testicular

pain with overlying redness, warmth and

tenderness of the scrotal sac?

Question 16

Epididymitis

Answer 16

True or False: Prehn’s test is not specific

but can help differentiate between

testicular torsion and epididymitis.

Question 17

True

Answer 17

If there is no relief of pain with elevation

of the testicle, this is a (Positive or

Negative?) Prehn’s test, indicative of

(Testicular torsion or Epididymitis?)

Question 18

Negative; Testicular torsion

Answer 18

Which malignancy is treated with

FOLFOX therapy?

Question 19

Colon cancer

Answer 19

What is the treatment for hepatitis C

patients?

Question 20

Ribavirin and interferon

Answer 20

Which hepatitis is associated with

porphyria cutanea tarda?

Question 21

Hepatitis C

Answer 21

What is the chronicity rate of hepatitis

B?

Question 22

Less than 10%

Answer 22

Which hepatitis has the greatest chance

of developing chronicity?

Question 23

Hepatitis C, with a chronicity rate

between 70 and 85%

Answer 23

What is the goal central venous pressure

in the treatment of a patient with sepsis?

Question 24

8-12cm H2O

Answer 24

What is the goal mean arterial pressure

in the treatment of a patient with sepsis?

Question 25

65mmHg

Answer 25

True or False: Alcohol-based hand

cleaners will not help prevent infections

of C. diff since the alcohol can’t kill the

spores of C diff.

Question 26

True

Answer 26

True or False: C. diff infection requires

both contact and airborne precautions.

Question 27

False; C. diff infection only requires

contact precautions.

Answer 27

True or False: Mycobacterium

tuberculosis does not require airborne

precaution - only contact precaution.

Question 28

False; Mycobacterium tuberculosis

requires airborne precautions.

Answer 28

What is the most common cause of

death in infective endocarditis?

Question 29

Neurologic deficits secondary to embolic

phenomena

Answer 29

What is the most common skin finding in

infective endocarditis?

Question 30

Petechiae

Answer 30

What group of organisms cause culture

negative infective endocarditis?

Question 31

HACEK group of organisms. H-

Hemophillus, A- Actinobaciluus, C-

Cardiobacterium, E- Eiknella, K- Kingella

Answer 31

What is the most common infective

organism in a patient with fever, new

cardiac murmur and a history of IV drug

abuse?

Question 32

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 32

What is the next best step in a patient

with endocarditis caused by

Streptococcus bovis?

Question 33

Colonoscopy to rule out colorectal

infection

Answer 33

Having chickenpox previously denotes

immunity against what organism?

Question 34

Varicella zoster virus

Answer 34

True or False: E. Coli is not a common

cause of catheter-associated infection

Question 35

False; E. Coli is one of the major culprits

of catheter-associated infections

Answer 35

True or False: Candida in the blood

should never be considered a

contaminant and treatment should be

initiated promptly.

Question 36

True

Answer 36

What agent is preferred for treating non-

albicans Candida?

Question 37

Echinocandins, like caspofungin, are

preferred to treat non-albicans Candida

Answer 37

True or False: Zoster vaccination is

contraindicated in HIV patients.

Question 38

True; Being a live vaccine, zoster

vaccination is contraindicated in HIV

patients.

Answer 38

Herpes zoster vaccination is

recommended in individuals who are

immunocompetent and are older than

___ years of age.

Question 39

60

Answer 39

For puncture wounds or dirty wounds,

confirming that the patient is up to date

with _____ or ______ vaccinations is

very important.

Question 40

Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) or tetanus-

diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap)

Answer 40

True or False: Live vaccinations

administered to such patients can

activate the immune system which could

lead to further progression of HIV

disease.

Question 41

True

Answer 41

Live vaccinations should generally be

avoided in all HIV patients. Any HIV

patient who has a CD4 count less than

___/µL should absolutely not be given

live vaccinations.

Question 42

200

Answer 42

What is the most common nosocomial

infection?

Question 43

Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 43

What is the most common causative

organism for community-acquired

urinary tract infection?

Question 44

Escherichia coli

Answer 44

True or False: Any blood culture that

reveals candida should never be

considered a contaminant.

Question 45

True

Answer 45

True or False: Candidemia can progress

to endocarditis

Question 46

True

Answer 46

True or False: Fluconazole is not an

appropriate choice in non-neturopenic

patients

Question 47

False; Non-neutropenic patients usually

benefit from fluconazole

Answer 47

Of the most common Nosocomial

infections, which one has the highest

mortality rate?

Question 48

Pneumonia

Answer 48

With which eye condition is ulcerative

colitis associated?

Question 49

Anterior uveitis

Answer 49

What is the eye condition that causes a

lack of ipsilateral adduction to a

contralateral gaze?

Question 50

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)

Answer 50

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