Is Demand-Driven Acquisition Ready for Prime Time?

Charleston ConferenceNovember 4, 2011

Michael Levine-Clark, University of DenverMichael Zeoli, YBP Library Services

DefinitionsPatron-Driven Acquisition (PDA)

Faculty Requests/InputUse Data

Demand-Driven Acquisition (DDA)Meets immediate need

Better Acronyms?IPA = Instant

Patron Access?

ESB = Easy Short-term Borrowing?

Why DDA?

Annual Book Production, 2009

DU Pur

chas

es

North

Am

erican

Sch

olar

ly (Y

BP)

All U

nite

d St

ates

Wor

ld (U

NESCO)

0200000400000600000800000

10000001200000

Books Cataloged 2000-2004 (126,953 Titles)

4+ uses; 18.8%

3 uses; 8.2%

2 uses; 12.8%

1 use; 20.6%

0 uses; 39.6%

Books Cataloged 2000-2004 (126,953 Titles)

4+ uses; $1,084,576

3 uses; $473,060

2 uses; $738,435

1 use; $1,188,418

0 uses; $2,284,53

2

Demand-Driven Acquisition GoalsBroaden the collection

More titlesMore publishersMore subjects

Match acquisitions to immediate demandPay at point of needPay for amount of needShort-term loansPurchase-on-demand

Redefining the CollectionEverything we can provide in a

timely manner

Ultimately, bounded only by budget

Is DDA ready for Prime Time?

Flying Carpets,

Exploding Snap Cards

& Blast-Ended Skrewts

PDA Articles: Must reach beyond parochial focus as libraries, publishers & vendors all go digital together

• The Print Monograph Universe (for context)• The Decline of Print & Move to e• Library Acquisitions & the importance of Front List• eContent Availability: the eAggregators & Publishers• Library & Publisher considerations

TopicsSteve’

s

YBP’s Print Monograph Universe

• 62,000 new titles annually– 44,000 Humanities & Social Sciences– 18,000 Science, Technology & Medicine

• 51,000 Trade, Professional, Associations (80% of Universe)

• 11,000 University Press (20% of Universe)– Oxford ~ 1,800– Cambridge ~ 1,300

YBP’s Customer Universe

US Libraries

Int’l Libraries

YBP

80% US AcademicLibrary Market

73% = US 65% Approval Plans25% Firm Orders 6% Standing Orders

Approvals

• 60% of YBP Customers use Approval Plans

• X000 Approval Plans in X000 Libraries– X000 Comprehensive Subject & Publisher Book Plans

– X000 UK Plans– Just 40 University Press Plans

• Approval Plan Profiling is a Discovery Mechanism– Profiling produces Metadata

– Profiling builds Custom Collections via Approval Plans

– Profiling underpins Integrated ebook Approval Plans

– Profiling underpins PDA

YBP’s Approval Plans(and What is an Approval Plan?)

• Major ARL Acquisitions Dept. reports that:– Book expenditures moved from 22% eBooks to

35% in last 6 months

• Last week of September (YBP): – Print Orders down 14%– eBook Orders up 44%

The Decline of Print

(Anecdotal Evidence)

Trends @ 8 ARL librariesRepresentative Library Comparisons

FY 2011 vs. FY 2010

Library Print% ∆

BYU -10%

U Calgary -7%

Duke 7%

U Iowa 5%

U Minnesota 5%

NYU 41%

U Ottawa 21%

UNC -7%

Large Academic Library ConsortiumPrint Titles acquired

2000 - 2011

Fiscal Year (July-June)

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

09-1008-0907-0806-0705-0604-0503-0402-03 10-1101-0200-0199-00

# Books acquiredX 1,000

The Decline of Print Sales in Consortia

So where is the print going ?

• Integrated e/p Approval Plans: X Librarieso X individual plans

• Patron/Demand-Driven Plans: X Librarieso 4-6 New plans implemented weekly

• Multiple Consortial eRFP’s monthly (New business models required !)

• ebook sales grew by 150% in 2010, 400+ % in 2011…

More Trends @ 8 ARL librariesRepresentative Library Comparisons

FY 2011 vs. FY 2010

Library Print% ∆

eApproval% ∆

eOrders% ∆

BYU -10% 3017% 75%

U Calgary -7% 227% 307%

Duke 7% 471%

U Iowa 5% 640%

U Minnesota 5% 1127% 12%

NYU 41% 301%

U Ottawa 21% 16% 18%

UNC -7% 73% 63%

Head of Collections, State University:

“If university presses cannot find a way to participate in digital content, I will have to give them lower priority in our monograph collections budget.”

The Decline of Print(a final word)

Library Acquisitions & the importance of Front List

Example: Collecting all 2010 titles from 6 University Presses (781) in 3 academic market

segments

781 Unique Titles Total Acquired

Acq’d onApproval

Cornell Univ. 587 554

Emory 647 549

Harvard (Widener) 502 404

McGill 713 608

Northwestern 698 491

Penn State Univ. 533 452

Texas A&M 518 478

UNC Chapel Hill 711 684

Univ. of Calgary 386 278

Univ. of Ottawa 643 447

6 UPs on Approval Plans 2010 - ARL Libraries

6 UPs on Approval Plans 2010 - Mid-Size Libraries

781 Unique Titles TotalAcquired

Acq’d onApproval

Appalachian State 512 187

Bowling Green 325 287

Bucknell 456 223

Carleton Univ. (CA) 285 121

Hong Kong Baptist Univ. 307 103

Illinois State Univ. 362 333

Iowa State Univ. 595 279

Kent State 242 145

Tufts 552 360

Washington State 287 58

6 UPs on Approval Plans 2010 - College Libraries

781 Unique Titles TotalAcquired

Acq’d onApproval

Amherst 502 1

City Univ. Hong Kong 125 55

Clark 212 25

Colgate 539 381

College of Wooster 246 121

Gettysburg College 186 90

Smith 401 118

Wellesley 408 252

Wesleyan 452 0

William & Mary 409 290

Annual Acquisitions:Distribution by Imprint Year• Back list acquisitions• ‘First bite of the apple’ (implications for publishers?)

Example from same 6 University Presses in same 3 academic market segments

6 UP Titles Acq’d 2010 - ARL Libraries

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Older

Cornell Univ. 33 511 35 0 0 0

Emory 29 528 66 2 3 8

Harvard (Widener) 22 420 50 3 0 2

McGill 33 560 57 7 12 74

Northwestern 25 523 107 20 3 21

Penn State Univ. 21 470 40 4 4 7

Texas A&M 17 469 37 3 2 4

UNC Chapel Hill 33 602 60 3 2 3

Univ. of Calgary 23 428 63 3 0 3

Univ. of Ottawa 18 476 98 14 6 35

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Older

Appalachian State 16 358 133 31 6 16

Bowling Green 17 272 25 1 0 2

Bucknell 13 342 83 8 5 12

Carleton Univ. (CA) 9 186 58 7 0 20

Hong Kong Baptist 6 197 90 11 2 7

Illinois State Univ. 16 259 56 5 5 6

Iowa State Univ. 23 476 104 7 2 10

Kent State 9 165 56 2 1 1

Tufts 26 461 60 0 0 1

Washington State 9 180 95 19 2 5

6 UP Titles Acq’d 2010 - Mid-Size Libraries

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Older

Amherst 46 371 107 1 2 3

City Univ. Hong Kong 3 87 17 3 1 11

Clark 2 75 62 36 24 17

Colgate 24 451 58 1 0 0

College of Wooster 6 161 66 13 1 0

Gettysburg College 8 111 51 5 1 2

Smith 17 250 124 10 0 3

Wellesley 21 304 69 4 2 7

Wesleyan 17 349 88 9 3 10

William & Mary 17 291 78 19 3 6

6 UP Titles Acq’d 2010 - College Libraries

PDA Opportunity for Publishers & LibrariesYBP JULY 2010 - JUNE 2011 PDA Opportunity

Publisher New PrintTitles

SlipNotifications

SentNotifications% Ordered

Springer 3,261 1,177,454 4% Wiley 2,881 1,219,333 7% Oxford 2,146 921,359 11% Routledge 2,200 1,099,110 8% Cambridge 1,551 736,043 11% Palgrave Macmillan 1,310 1,006,981 8%

McGraw-Hill 637 218,244 6% HarperCollins 410 144,881 11% ABC-CLIO 409 214,167 8% Continuum 518 243,636 8% Brill (& Nijhoff) 573 197,895 8%

Penguin Putnam 447 169,820 13%

eContent Availability:

eAggregators & Publishers

Simultaneous Print - ebook Availability-

October 2009 2010 2011

Print Books

eBooks

Oct, Week 1 Oct, Week 2 Oct, Week 3 Oct, Week 41,300

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

09 – 10 – 11 09 – 10 – 11 09 – 10 – 11 09 – 10 – 11

# New Books

YBP ebook Availability Scorecard October 2011

-- Matching Simultaneous ebooks --

Publisher New PrintTitles

PastMonth

Last 16Months 2009 %

Springer 3,261 64% 33% 40% 24%

Wiley 2,881 59% 60% 41% 18%

Oxford 2,146 21% 23% 2% 19%

Taylor & Francis 3,066 59% 64% 47% 12%

Cambridge 1,551 44% 60% 22% 22%

Palgrave Macmillan 1,310 51% 31% 0% 51%           

McGraw-Hill 637 25% 40% 37% -12%

HarperCollins 410 3% 8% 0% 3%

Continuum 518 70% 51% 8% 62%

Brill (& Nijhoff) 573 79% 25% 0% 79%

Penguin Putnam 447 0% 0% 0% 0%

Print & ebook Sales ComparisonYBP JULY 2010 - JUNE 2011 YBP-eAggregator Sales

Publisher New PrintTitles

YBP PrintUnits Sold

ebookSalesFY 11

% ebookSalesFY 11

% Growth 2010

Springer 3,261 10% 308%

Wiley 2,881 11% 147%

Oxford 2,146 3% 237%

Routledge 2,200 9% 190%

Cambridge 1,551 5% 299%

Palgrave Macmillan 1,310 3% 353%

McGraw-Hill 637 17% 170%

HarperCollins 410 0% 23%

Continuum 518 4% 1210%

Brill (& Nijhoff) 573 3% 151%

Penguin Putnam 447 0% -40%

Library & Publisher considerations

• All content is not available:– By Publisher– By Aggregator

• Print assumptions & paradigms blind us:– Publisher list has limited use– Expenditure & revenue models upside down

• PDA is not the only Flying Carpet.– eApprovals– eSeries– PDA– Collections

Thank you -

Michael ZeoliYBP Library Services

GlossaryThe Blast-Ended Skrewt is a hybrid creature bred by Rubeus Hagrid in the autumn of 1994, by crossing Manticores and Fire Crabs. Whether Hagrid used magic or somehow got the two to mate is unknown. Newly-hatched Skrewts look like pale pale, skinny deformed shell-less lobsters. They have legs sticking out at odd angles. They are about 6 inches long and occasionally sparks fly out their end propelling them forward a few inches. Exploding Snap Cards were specially made for the game of Exploding Snap, such that the cards may blow up at any time. They are occasionally used to build a house of cards, which can get interesting.

Flying Carpets rather than brooms are the standard magical means of transportation in Asia and the Middle East. Flying carpets are illegal in the UK and on the Registry of Proscribed Charmable Objects. In other words, carpets are now defined in Britain as a Muggle artifact illegal to enchant, so it is not lawful to import them.

What We’ve Done at DU

netLibraryColorado Alliance of Research

Libraries

1999-2005

First use free

Purchase on second use

Shared access

Purchase ILL RequestsPrice

Publisher

Publication Date

eBook Library (EBL)Began May 2010

Loaded 42,000 records into catalog (now 60,000)

No budget for FY 2010

Budgeted $150,000 for FY 2011

The EBL ModelFirst five minutes free

STL for three usesOne day or one week10-15% list price

Purchase on fourth useList price

DU EBL Data (5/1/10-6/30/11)

Actual List

325 titles purchased $23,753 $23,753

3,599 titles with at least one STL

$49,171 $236,037

6,477 titles with at least one browse

$0 $473,378

Total (10,076 titles) $72,924 $733,168

Savings $660,244

Cost Per Transaction

Purchase Type

Total Cost Cost per Transaction

STL $49,171 $9.21

Autopurchase $23,753 $73.09

Transactions by Month

May

-10

Jul-1

0

Sep-

10

Nov-1

0

Jan-

11

Mar

-11

May

-11

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

TransactionsAutopurchaseSTL

Relation to Print Holdings

13.7%

8.0%

6.0%0.8%

0.5%

0.7%70.3%

Same Edition

Same Edition Checked Out

Earlier Edition(s)

Earler Edition(s) Checked Out

Library Use Only

Other

No Print

What We Want to Do at DU

A Multi-Format ModelE-Books from multiple

vendors/publishers

Print booksWhen electronic not availableWhen electronic not desired

Managed by YBP

The FutureE-Books on demand

Local print-on-demand option

Make accessible all that we can afford

Budget GoalsCommit most of the

monographs budget

Spend the same to access more titles

Long-Term Management

Filling the PoolApproval process

Broader criteria

Inclusion rather than exclusion

Adding/Removing RecordsDiscovery is key

Must be automatic

Approval vendor

MARC record service

Pool MaintenanceRules for

Length of time in poolRemovalReplacement

Removal of TitlesRemoval because of content,

quality

Removal because of financial risk

Rules for temporary removal

Rules for permanent removal

Use Shapes the PoolTitles that are used get to swim

a bit longerRemoving titles = unhappy

users

A Permanent CollectionSome titles are core

Establish criteria for permanent/longer-term availability

Title-by-titleSeriesPublisherSubject

Role for VendorsFill the pool

Provide discovery tools

Remove/replace content

Comprehensive reporting

QuestionsWhat about stewardship?

Will DDA work for consortia?

Thank YouMichael Levine-ClarkUniversity of Denver

michael.levine-clark@du.eduMichael Zeoli

YBP Library Servicesmzeoli@ybp.com