ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW

1735

AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS ISSN: 2392 – 876X Available online at: www.researchthoughts.us

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Volume 1 │ Issue 7 │ May 2015

Impact Factor: 2.0178 (UIF)

ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A

CONTEMPORARY REVIEW

Dr. Tapas Pal1 and Dr. Shyamsundar Bairagya2

1Visva-Bharati, India

2Associate Professor, Dept. Of Education, Visva-Bharati, India

Abstract: UGC has splendor activities in respect of conducting of sixteen autonomous statutory

institutions, co-ordination, formulation and maintenance of the standards of university education,

framing regulations on minimum standards of education, Determining standards of teaching,

Examination and research in universities, Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and

university education, Disbursing grants to universities and colleges, Setting up common facilities,

services and programs for a group of universities in the form of Inter-University Centers but there are

lots of issues (negative performances) are related with UGC’s performance for these National

Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER – A national over-arching regulatory body

in higher education), Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) and demand of CBSC have been

aroused. This article will highlight the issues related to cause of emerged of alternative body of UGC

in India.

Key Words: NCHER, RUSA, CBSC, UGC.

1. PREAMBLE

The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India is a statutory organization set

up by the Union government in 1956, charged with coordination, determination and

maintenance of standards of university education. It provides recognition to

universities in India, and disburses funds to such recognized universities and colleges.

Prof. Ved Prakash, a noted academician and education administrator, is the incumbent

Chairman of UGC, India. Its headquarters are in New Delhi, and six regional centers in

Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bangalore. UGC has splendor

activities in respect of conducting of sixteen autonomous statutory institutions, co-

ordination, formulation and maintenance of the standards of university education,

http://www.researchthoughts.us/

Tapas Pal, Shyamsundar Bairagya- ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW

1736 AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS- Volume 1 │ Issue 7 │2015

framing regulations on minimum standards of education, Determining standards of

teaching, Examination and research in universities, Monitoring developments in the

field of collegiate and university education, Disbursing grants to universities and

colleges, Setting up common facilities, services and programs for a group of universities

in the form of Inter-University Centers but there are lots of issues (negative

performances) are related with UGC’s performance for these National Commission for

Higher Education & Research (NCHER – A national over-arching regulatory body in

higher education), Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) and demand of CBSC

have been aroused.

2. HISTORY OF FORMATION

It was recommended in 1945 and was formed in 1946 (to oversee the work of the

three Central Universities of Aligarh, Banaras and, Delhi). The Committee was

entrusted with the in 1947 (Responsibility of dealing with all the existing Universities).

University Education Commission was set up in 1948 (under the Chairmanship of S.

Radhakrishna. UGC be reconstituted on the general model of the University Grants

Commission of the United Kingdom. UGC was formally inaugurated by Maulana on 28

December 1953 by Abul Kalam Azad. Formally established (by an Act of Parliament in

November 1956 as a statutory body of the Govt. of India). It has decentralized its

operations by setting up six regional centers Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bhopal,

Guwahati and Bangalore. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, said during his speech on the

occasion of the initiation of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Golden Jubilee

Year on 28 December, 2002 that sparked off the idea of revisiting the old UGC logo. In

his speech, Shri Vajpayee spoke of the need to take a fresh look at the UGC Act, 1956 in

the light of the new challenges for the education sector emerging in the twenty-first

century. He also suggested that the Commission could consider changing its name to

the `University Education Development Commission.‛

3. OBJECTIVE

To search out the causes of the development of alternative of UGC in India on the basis

of its performance and tasks.



4. METHODOLOGY

This article is completely based on theoretical survey related with different published

reports in Newspapers, articles related with UGC performance on websites, published

events based of UGC’s work in contemporary issues on UGC cite etc.

5. THE ARENA OF DISCUSSION

5.1 IMPORTANCE

UGC, along with CSIR currently conducts NET for appointments of teachers in colleges

and universities. It has made NET qualification mandatory for teaching at Graduation

level and at Post Graduation level since July 2009. However, those with Ph.D. are given

five percent relaxation. Accreditation for higher learning over Universities under the

University Grants Commission is overseen by following sixteen autonomous statutory

institutions:

• All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

• Distance Education Council (DEC)

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

• Bar Council of India (BCI)

• National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

• Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)

• Medical Council of India (MCI)

• Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)

• Indian Nursing Council (INC)

• Dental Council of India (DCI)

• Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH)

• Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)

• Rehabilitation Council

• National Council for Rural Institutes

• State Councils of Higher Education

• Council of Architecture



5.2 OUR ACHIEVEMENT

According to a report *3+ by ICRIER, New Delhi, India is home to the world’s largest

pool of scientific and knowledge workers and produces 400,000 engineers per year

while the US produces 60,000.

5.3 STOP THE RIGGING

As per the UGC guidelines, every institution of higher learning should have a

counseling center manned by two psychologists to deal with depression among

students. The guidelines also suggest that universities should have staff sensitization

programs which will help faculty members interact on personal grounds with students.

Research scholars in universities should be provided with a mentor who is not his/her

academic supervisor, the guidelines issued by the commission said.

6. CONTEMPORARY TASK

• Task of co-ordination, formulation and maintenance of the standards of

university education.

• It engaged itself in, among other things, framing regulations on minimum

standards of education

• Determining standards of teaching

• Examination and research in universities

• Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and university

education

• Disbursing grants to universities and colleges

• Setting up common facilities, services and programs for a group of

universities in the form of Inter-University centers.

6.1 GIVING E-STAR SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS: (2014-15)

(BOTH FOR MALE, FEMALE) (CATEGORY WISE: GENERAL, SC, ST, OBC,

MINORITY) (BOTH FOR ARTS, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING)(FOR PH.D,

POSTDOC, FOREIGN RESEARCH)

1. Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minority Students

2. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for SC/ST Candidate



3. Post-Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship for Single Girl Child

4. Post-Graduate Merit Scholarship for University Rank Holder

5. Post-Doctoral Fellowship to SC/ST Candidates

6. Post Graduate Scholarships for Professional Courses for SC/ST Candidates

7. Post-Doctoral Fellowship to Women Candidates

8. Research Awards for the Teachers

9. Raman Fellowship for Post-Doctoral Research for Indian Scholars in USA

10. Emeritus Fellowship

11. Junior Research Fellowship in Engineering & Technology

12. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for Students with Disabilities

13. Major Research Project (MRP)

14. Dr. S. Radharkrishnan Post-Doctoral Fellowship In Humanities And Social

Sciences (including languages)

15. Special Assitance Programme (SAP)

16. Swami Vivekananda Single Girl Child Scholarship for Research in Social Sciences

2014-15

17. "Ishan Uday" for North Eastern Region

18. National Fellowship for OBC Candidate

7.0 THE ARENA OF EVALUATION

7.1 ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVE OF UGC

Due to the situation of UGC vs. Students One incident as example here: Students

of JNU and other colleges protest UGC’s ‘common’ syllabus, ‘transferable’

faculty proposal near Jantar Mantar: Hundreds of students gathered at Jantar Mantar



on Tuesday to protest against the proposed Central Universities Act and UGC’s

prescribed Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS).

The protesters said they were opposed to the Central Universities Act because it

required all universities to follow a ‘common’ admission and ‘common’ syllabus along

with ‘transferable’ faculty. ‚This will kill the autonomy of Central universities like DU

and JNU, kill their uniqueness, kill their respective areas of strength in teaching and

research,‛ Vijender Sahni, a Delhi University student, said. ‚The government is trying

to thrust anti-student policies on universities such as the CBCS and the Central

Universities Act. The real and dangerous agenda of the proposed Central Universities

Act is to enforce ‘uniformity’,‛ Ashutosh Kumar, JNUSU president, said. Students said

like the FYUP, the Choice-Based Credit System diluted the quality of Honors courses

and overburdened students and teachers with a concoction of uninformed foundation,

core and elective papers. ‚The present system lacks teachers and infrastructure. To this

system, you add new foundation and core courses which the students have no use for 1.

7.2 LACKS INTERNATIONALLY PRESTIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES SUCH

AS HARVARD, CAMBRIDGE, AND OXFORD

India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to

the United States and China2. The main governing body at the tertiary level is

the University Grants Commission, which enforces its standards, advises the

government, and helps coordinate between the center and the state3. Accreditation for

higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University



Grants Commission4. However, India still lacks internationally prestigious universities

such as Harvard, Cambridge, and Oxford.5

7.3 FUNDAMENTAL WEAKNESSES OF THE SYSTEM IS LACK OF

TRANSPARENCY

Driven by market opportunities and entrepreneurial zeal, many institutions are

taking advantage of the lax regulatory environment to offer 'degrees' not approved by

Indian authorities, and many institutions are functioning as pseudo non-profit

organizations, developing sophisticated financial methods to siphon off the

'profits'.6 Regulatory authorities like UGC and AICTE have been trying to extirpate

private universities that run courses with no affiliation or recognition. Students from

rural and semi urban background often fall prey to these institutes and colleges7. One

the fundamental weaknesses of the system is lack of transparency and

recommendations have been made to mandate high standards of data disclosures by

institutions on performance.8

Our university system is, in many parts, in a state of disrepair... In almost half

the districts in the country, higher education enrollments are abysmally low, almost

two-third of our universities and 90 per cent of our colleges are rated as below average

on quality parameters... I am concerned that in many states university appointments,

including that of vice-chancellors, have been politicized and have become subject to

caste and communal considerations, there are complaints of favoritism and corruption. -

Prime Minister- Gopal Dewangan.

7.4 RANK OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES IN WORLDWIDE IS NOT GOOD

Five Indian universities in top 400 of Times Higher Education rankings Punjab

University emerges as top-ranked Indian institution in rankings report. The other four

Indian institutions in the list are the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi; IIT-

Kanpur, IIT-Kharagpur and IIT-Roorkee, ranked in the 351-400 bracket (Prashant K.

Nanda First Published: Thu, Oct 03 2013).9

7.5 LESSER GROWTH IN STUDENT ENROLLMENT

Although number of students enrolled in higher education doubled from nearly

8.4 million to 17 million in a decade, it grew a slower pace than number of colleges



which grew 2.5 times in the same period, creating a paradoxical situation of excess

capacity in a country where gross enrollment ratio is less than 20%.

Out of 169.75 lakh students enrolled in higher education in 2010-11.10

7.6 LACK OF CONTROL ON FAKE UNIVERSITY / NEITHER UGC NOR ANY

GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY HAS TAKEN ANY ACTION TO CLOSE THEM

DOWN / LIMITATIONS OF UGC

Weeks ahead of admission season of the 2014-15, the University Grants

Commission (UGC) has identified and posted on its official website, a list of 21 self-

styled, unrecognized institutions in nine states, which are functioning against the

provisions of the UGC Act, 1956. Uttar Pradesh tops the list with 10 fake varsities while

Maharashtra has just one Raja Arabic University, which is based in Nagpur. All these

institutions have been declared as bogus and do not have any right to confer or grant

degrees. UGC officials said, "Many students are enrolled in these varsities as they are

unaware that it’s a phony. This facilitates the quacks to continue to run their business."

Interestingly, majority of these varsities have figured in the UGC fake varsity list many

a times in the past few years. However, neither UGC nor any government authority has

taken any action to close them down and thus vulnerable students continue to lose their

money and time. "We have no power to take any action on these centers. The police can

take action only if someone lodges a complaint with them," said a UGC official. The

mushroom growth of fake vishwavidyalayas is a matter of great concern of the

University Grants Commission (UGC) having responsibility of maintaining standards

in Higher Education in the country.11

The UGC act was enacted in 1956 when only 20 varsities and 500 colleges with

0.21 million students were there across the country. This has now grown to 726 varsities

and 38,000 and 28 million students. "The UGC has no mechanism to ensure follow up

on compliance. These limitations can only be overcome by a thorough review and

amending the UGC Act," said an official of MHRD.12

7.7 STUDENTS GO FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ONLY 12.4%

Presently about 12.4 percent of students go for higher education from the

country. If India were to increase that figure of 12.4% to 30%, then it would need

another 800 to one thousand universities and over 40,000 colleges in the next 10 years.



UGC is doing work for higher education from 1956 but 58 years over and the result is

only 12.4%. Addressing a higher education summit organized by the Federation of

Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), HRD Minister Kapil Sibal said

‚We will need 800 new universities and 40,000 new colleges to meet the aim of 30

percent GER (gross enrolment ratio) by 2020. Government alone cannot meet this aim,‛

Statistics show that there is a huge gap between the demand and supply. The HRD

ministry says that the foreign institutions could fill this gap to a large extent.13

7.8 WHY WE HAVE TO INCREASE THE GER? THAT INDICATES UGC IS NOT

SUFFICIENT

India’s higher education gross enrollment ratio (GER) would need to increase

from 12 to 20 percent by 2014.14

7.9 1/3 INDIA’S COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ARE BELOW STANDARD

According to a recent government (2009-10) report [3] two-third of India’s

colleges and universities are below standard.

7.10 INDIA SPENT COMPARATIVE LESS

According to the available official statistics [9], the expenditure on R&D in the

field of Science & Technology as a percentage of gross domestic products (GDP) was 0.8

percent during the year 2005-06 in India. Israel (5.11 percent), Sweden (4.27 percent),

Japan (3.11 percent), South Korea (2.95 percent), the United States (2.77 percent),

Germany (2.74 percent) and France (2.27 percent), China (1.54 percent), Russia (1.74

percent), U.K. (1.88 percent) and Brazil (1.04 percent) - among other countries India

spent very less (0.8%).

7.11 UGC IS UNABLE TO FULFILL THE FACULTY SHORTAGE

According to a recent report of HRD Ministry, premier educational institutes like

the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institute of Management (IIMs)

are facing a faculty crunch with nearly one-third of the posts vacant. According to a

report published in IANS [10] around 35 percent posts are vacant in the central

universities, 25 percent in the IIMs, 33.33 percent in the National Institute of Technology



(NITs) and 35.1 percent in other central education institutions coming up under the

Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry.

7.12 UNABLE TO STOP SUICIDE OF STUDENTS

List of Dalit students committing suicide in last four years in India’s

premier institutions15: here is the list of the Dalit students who have committed suicide

in last four years. This is by no means an exhaustive list but covers only those cases

which we were able to document and where parents and relatives have raised their

voices and had accused the institutions of caste discrimination against their children

that led to their suicides. We are sure that the actual numbers of Dalit students

committing suicide in country’s premier institutions in last four years will be much

higher.

M. Shrikant, final year, B.Tech, IIT Bombay, 1st Jan 07

Ajay S. Chandra, integrated PhD, Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), Bangalore –

26 Aug, 07

Jaspreet Singh, final year MBBS, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, 27

Jan 08

Senthil Kumar, PHD, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad – 23 Feb 08

Prashant Kureel, first year, B.Tech, IIT Kanpur, 19 April, 08

G. Suman, final year, M.Tech, IIT Kanpur, 2nd Jan, 09

Ankita Veghda, first year, BSc Nursing, Singhi Institute of Nursing, Ahmedabad,

20 April, 09

D Syam Kumar, first year B.Tech, Sarojini Institute of Engineering and

Technology, Vijayawada, 13 Aug, 09

S. Amravathi, national level young woman boxer, Centre of Excellence, Sports

Authority of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 4th Nov, 09

Bandi Anusha, B.Com final year, Villa Mary College, Hyderabad, 5th Nov, 09

Pushpanjali Poorty, first year, MBA, Visvesvaraiah Technological University,

Bangalore, 30th Jan, 10

Sushil Kumar Chaudhary, final year MBBS, Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical

University (formerly KGMC), Lucknow, 31 Jan, 10

Balmukund Bharti, final year MBBS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences

(AIIMS), New Delhi, 3rd March, 10



JK Ramesh, second year, BSc, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 1st

July, 10

Madhuri Sale, final year B.Tech, IIT Kanpur, 17th November, 10

G. Varalakshmi, B.Tech first year, Vignan Engineering College, Hyderabad, 30

Jan, 2011

Manish Kumar, IIIrd Year B.Tech, IIT Roorkee, 13 Feb, 11

Linesh Mohan Gawle, PhD, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 16

April, 11.

India lost 2,471 young citizens in 2013 as they committed suicide after failing in

examinations. This is up by 10%, as compared to the previous year. Over

2,246 students took their lives after they failed in exams in 2012. Maharashtra topped

the list with 349 student-suicides, followed by Tamil Nadu (277) and Andhra Pradesh

(235), according to the latest National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) report.16

Students suicide in 2013:

Maharashtra: 349

Tamil Nadu: 277

Andhra Pradesh: 235

West Bengal: 226

Madhya Pradesh: 218

Students suicide in 2013 (Maharashtra)

Mumbai: 53

Pune: 15

Nashik: 12

Nagpur: 19

Aurangabad: 12

Vasai Virar: 01

7.13 UGC GAVE THE IMPORTANCE LATER

In the past three years, a total of 49 suicides (2013) were recorded in the state out

of which about 15% were from city colleges and universities. The UGC enquiry has

come at a time when the Andra Pradesh high court is already inquiring into this

suicides.17



8. THE ARENA OF ENDING

8.1 THINKING AND EMERGED

1. National Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER – A national

over-arching regulatory body in higher education)

In 2009, the Union Minister of Education made open the government of India's

plans to close down UGC and the related body All India Council for Technical

Education (AICTE), in favor of a higher regulatory body with more sweeping

powers.18 This goal, proposed by the Higher Education and Research (HE&R) Bill, 2011,

intends to replace the UGC with a "National Commission for Higher Education &

Research (NCHER)" "for determination, coordination, maintenance and continued

enhancement of standards of higher education and research".19 The bill proposes

absorbing the UGC and other academic agencies into this new organization. Those

agencies involved in medicine and law would be exempt from this merger "to set

minimum standards for medical and legal education leading to professional

practice".20 The bill has received opposition from the local governments of the Indian

states of Bihar, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, but has received general

support.[7] The Higher Education and Research (HE&R) Bill, 2011, intends to create a

National Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER) for determination,

coordination, maintenance and continued enhancement of standards of higher

education and research. Existing regulatory bodies like the University Grants

Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), National

Council (DEC) would be subsumed in NCHER. However, the regulatory bodies in the

fields of medicine and law would retain the powers to set minimum standards for

medical and legal education leading to professional practice. The said proposal is based

on the recommendations of Yash Pal Committee and National Knowledge Commission.

2. The Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) cleared by the Cabinet

committee on economic affairs (CCEA) on Thursday - is not only the first major

intervention by the Centre to reform the state higher education system but also a

substantial step to partially clip the wings of the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Ministry sources said the 2004-05 proposals to amend the UGC Act complete with

renaming the organization as higher education commission and taking away, a major

chunk of its grant-giving power has been revived. After RUSA, UGC would continue to

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_%28India%29#cite_note-statesoppose-7



fund around 52 educational institutions, which includes 40 central universities and

another 12 deemed universities under the government.21

A proposal to prevent, prohibit and punish educational malpractices.

Law for mandatory assessment and accreditation in higher education through an

independent regulatory authority.

Establishment of a national database of academic qualifications created and

maintained in an electronic format which would provide immense benefit to

institutions, students and employers.

A proposal to establish 14 innovation universities aiming at world class

standards.

Setting up 10 new National Institutes of Technology (NITs).

Launching of a new scheme of interest subsidy on educational loans taken by

professional courses by the economically weaker students.

Setting up of 374 Model degree colleges in districts having GER for education

less than the National GER.

As part of reforms in All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) norms,

the HRD ministry announced an increase of almost 200,000 seats in engineering

courses, additional 80,000 seats in management and 2,200 seats in architecture

courses. The ministry also made it mandatory for technical institutions to reserve

5 percent seats for the weaker sections of society.

HRD ministry has liberalized the norms for land requirement for engineering

colleges. Now lesser space will be needed for establishing technical institutes.

While an engineering college in rural India will need 10 acres of land, just 2.5

acres of land will be needed in urban areas.

Conduction of special evening in the areas of Engineering, Technology,

Architecture, Town Planning, Hospitality and Pharmacy by AICTE-approved

institutes.

Introduction of Section 25 of Company’s Act to allow good corporate to set up

Technical Institutions.

Review of the functioning of existing Deemed Universities.

Passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill.



UGC NET is conducting by CBSE FROM DECEMBER, 2014 (After failing to

conduct the test without hiccups, the University Grants Commission, with the

HRD ministry's consent, has asked the CBSE to conduct the test).22

9. CONCLUSION

In conclusion we are listing the failures of the UGC on many fronts, the four-

page MHRD order states, "There is a realization that the UGC is not able to do justice to

its mandate in light of massification of higher education...UGC's entire funding

continues to be oriented towards grant giving rather than regulation and enforcement

of minimum standards."

REFERENCES

1Express Photo by Tashi Tobgyal. By: Express News Service. Published on:March

4, 2015) 2"India Country Summary of Higher Education". World Bank. 3 India 2009: A Reference Annual (53rd edition), 237 4"Higher Education'', National Informatics Centre, Government of India".

Education.nic.in. Retrieved 2010-09-01. 5India doesn't figure in world top-100 universities, Press Trust of

India via timesofindia.com, 2010-09-12 6The Encyclopedia Britannica 7Fake and Cheat Universities in India, Think Ahead.

8Transparency for a Change in Higher Education". DrEducation.com. 2012-08-01.

Retrieved2012-08-02. 9http://www.livemint.com/Politics/dFoONiASFXSUAfBBnEmtIP/Five-Indian-

universities-find-place-in-top-400-worlds-best.html?utm_source=copy

10Preetu Venugopalan Nair, TNN | Sep 4, 2012, 04.14 AM IST

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Enrolment-of-women-in-

higher-education-increases/articleshow/16244028.cms



11UGC releases list of 21 fake University in India. Tuesday, 20 May 2014 -

http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-ugc-releases-list-of-21-fake-university-in-

india-1989850 12https://educationbhaskar.com/information/ugc-fake-universities-list/141/ 13Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X

(Online). Vol 3, No 2, 2012. www.iiste.org. 14Deepti Gupta & Navneet Gupta, Higher Education in India: Structure, Statistics

and Challenges 15April 25, 2011 https://thedeathofmeritinindia.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/list-of-

dalit-students-committing-suicide-in-last-four-years-in-indias-premier-institutions/ 16Kanchan Srivastava. Maharashtra tops student-suicide list. Wednesday, 16 July

2014 -

http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-maharashtra-tops-student-suicide-

list-2002506 17Nikhila Henry, TNN | Mar 30, 2013, UGC orders probe into student suicides.

THE TIMES OF INDIA http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/UGC-orders-

probe-into-student-suicides/articleshow/19283609.cms 18March 6, 2013 Last Updated at 22:28 ISThttp://www.business-

standard.com/article/management/states-oppose-national-panel-for-higher-education-

and-research-113030600649_1.html 19Reporter, BS (March 6, 2013). "States oppose national panel for higher education

and research". Business Standard. Retrieved 10 December 2013. 20TNN (Oct 5, 2013). "Major push to change the face of higher education". Times

of India. Retrieved 10 December 2013. 21Major push to change the face of higher education. TNN | Oct 5, 2013.

ISThttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Major-push-to-change-

the-face-of-higher-education/articleshow/23553313.cms 22Manash Pratim Gohain, TNN | Jul 24, 2014.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/After-UGCs-failure-CBSE-to-

conduct-NET/articleshow/38950641.cms



BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. PWC report on, ‚Redefining Higher Education for Inclusive Development in

Eastern India‛, Indian Chamber of Commerce, 2010.

2. PWC report on ‚Emerging opportunities for private and foreign participation in

higher education‛ Indo-US Summit on higher education 2010.

3. Uttara Dukkipati, ‚Higher Education in India: sustaining long term growth‛

South Asia Monitor, 141, 01 May, 2010.

4. Sanat Kaul, ‚Higher Education in India: seizing the opportunity‛, Working

paper no. 179, 2006.

5. India Education ,‛Open universities in India‛ ,www.indiaedu.com>

6. MHRD, Annual Report on Higher Education in India- 2009-2010.

7. UGC report: ‚Higher Education in India: Issues related to expansion,

inclusiveness, quality and finance‛ 2008.

8. Sudhanshu Bhushan, ‚Universities and colleges requirements for 15% target

during 11th plan-an estimate‛ in ibid.

9. Debkumar Mukherjee, ‚Higher Education in India-concerns and strategies‛

Asia-Pacific Business and Technology report 2010.

10. IANS (Indo-Asia News service) report of 18 August 2010.