JAPANESE CALENDAR( 以外の使用 を編集中 )

GROUP MEMBERS

SINCE ANCIENT TIMES, CALENDARS HAVE BEEN INDISPENSABLE FOR KNOWING THE CHANGES OF DAYS, MONTHS AND SEASONS.

THE JAPANESE ERA CALENDAR SCHEME IS A COMMON CALENDAR SCHEME USED IN JAPAN, WHICH IDENTIFIES A YEAR BY THE COMBINATION OF THE YEAR NUMBER WITHIN THE ERA.

THE TRADITIONAL JAPANESE CALENDAR CONSISTS OF ERAS BASED ON THE REIGNING EMPERORS.

INTRODUCTION

THE JAPANESE SYSTEM OF "ERA NAMES" CALLED NENGO IS DEFINED BY THE LENGTH OF RULE OF EACH EMPEROR.

ERA NAMES INDICATE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR THEIR ADOPTION. FOR INSTANCE, THE NENGO , DURING THE NARA PERIOD WAS DECLARED DUE TO THE DISCOVERY OF COPPER DEPOSITS IN CHICHIBU.

OVERVIEW

DERIVED FROM CHINESE IMPERIAL PRACTICE IN 140 BCE. ADOPTED BY JAPAN 645 CE, DURING REIGN OF EMPEROR KOTOKU.

NENGO, FIRST TO BE ASSIGNED “TAIKA”.

CONVERSION TABLE FROM GREGORIAN CALENDAR YEARS TO NENGŌ

History ……

EXAMPLE, THE 23RD YEAR OF THE SHOWA ERA (SHOWA 23) WOULD BE 1948:ILLUSTRATION: 1926 − 1 = 1925 ..., AND THEN 1925 + 23 = 1948 OR SHOWA 23.

Conversion table from Gregorian calendar years

to Nengo

THE JAPANESE SYSTEM OF "ERA NAMES" CALLED NENGO IS DEFINED BY THE LENGTH OF RULE OF EACH EMPEROR. ON OCT. 23, 1868, THE ERA NAME WAS CHANGED ,AND A SYSTEM WAS ADOPTED, WHEREIN ERA NAMES WOULD CHANGE ONLY UPON IMPERIAL SUCCESSION.

THE JAPANESE NENGO SYSTEM DIFFERS FROM CHINESE PRACTICE, IN THAT IN THE CHINESE SYSTEM THE ERA NAME WAS NOT UPDATED UNTIL THE YEAR FOLLOWING THE EMPEROR'S DEATH.

 

Nengo in Modern Japan

THE ASUKA PERIOD (飛鳥時代  ASUKA JIDAI), (592-645), THE NARA PERIOD (奈良時代  NARA-JIDAI), (740-745),THE HEIAN PERIOD (平安時代  HEIAN JIDAI),(794 TO 1185),THE KAMAKURA PERIOD (鎌倉時代  KAMAKURA JIDAI), (1185–1333) ,THE MUROMACHI PERIOD (室町時代 MUROMACHI JIDAI), (1336 TO 1573),THE EDO PERIOD (江戸時代  EDO JIDAI), (1603 TO 1868),

MODERN JAPAN

THE MEIJI PERIOD (明治時代 MEIJI JIDAI), (1868 - 1912),THE TAISHŌ PERIOD (大正時代  TAISHŌ JIDAI),(1912 -1926),THE SHŌWA PERIOD (昭和時代  SHŌWA JIDAI),(1926 - 89),HEISEI (平成  ) IS CURRENTLY PREVAILING IN JAPAN. SINCE 1989.

DIFFERENT ERA

The Asuka Period ( 飛鳥時代 Asuka jidai) ( 592-645)

• Evolution of Yamato polity

• Named after Asuka region

• Known for significant artistic, social and political transformation

The Nara Period ( 奈良時代 Nara-jidai)

Covers the years from AD 710 to 794.

According to the ancient Japanese book Nihon Shoki, the name “Nara” derived from the Japanese verb narasu “ to flatten".

  Empress Gemmei ( 元明天皇 Gemmei-tennō) (661 –

December 29, 721) was 43rd imperial of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. 

The Heian Period ( 平安時代 Heian jidai)

The last division of classical Japanese History, running from 794 to 1185.

Heian ( 平安 ) means "peace and tranquility" in Japanese.

Began in 794 after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyoto), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu ( 桓武天皇 ).

The Kamakura Period ( 鎌倉時代 Kamakura jidai)

(1185–1333) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate,  by the first shogun Minamato.

The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short reestablishment of imperial rule.

The Kamakura period is also said to be the beginning of the "Japanese Middle Ages"

The Muromachi Period ( 室町時代 Muromachi jidai)

Also known as the Muromachi era, the Muromachi bakufu.

Was a division of Japanese History running from approximately 1336 to 1573.

The period marks the governance of the Muramachi, which was officially established in 1336 by the first Muromachi shogun, Ashikaga bakufu .

The Edo Period ( 江戸時代 Edo jidai),

Division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868.

Was officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The Edo period is also known as the beginning of the early modern period of Japan.

MODERN JAPAN

Meiji Era( Oct 23 1868- July 30 1912)

Enlightened rule

Modernization & Power status

122nd Emperor

The Taishō period ( 大正時代 Taishō jidai)

“Period of great righteousness", or Taishō era, is a period in the History of Japan dating from July 3, 1912 to December 25, 1926.

Led by Emperor Taisho

The Period ranged for a period of 14 years.

The era is considered the time of the liberal movement known as the "Taishō democracy" in Japan.

The Shōwa Period ( 昭和時代 Shōwa jidai)

Hirohito also known as emperor showa.

He was the 124th emperor of Japan.

Covers the period from dec,1926 to Jan, 1989.

Longest reign of all emperors.

In 1937,it engaged in war with china.

In Aug1945, suffered two atomic bomb attacks in history

Heisei ( 平成 ) 

• Current era name in Japan• Heisei name taken from Chinese history

and heisei means “peace everywhere”• This era started on JAN 8 1989, just on

day after the death of Emperor Hirohito• Conversion of current year to heisei: last

two digit of the year and add 12• Ex.: 2009:09+12=Heisei 21(Heisei ni ju

itchi)

ありがとう ございます。