Kad10 fairclough

www.logic.amu.edu.pl

NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH

KRYTYCZNA ANALIZA DYSKURSU

dr Victoria Kamasa

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NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH

dr Victoria Kamasa

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1941 - ... MA: Londyn, PhD: Lancaster; jeden z ojców założycieli CDA; analizą krytyczną zajmuje się od wczesnych lat 80 XXw. obecnie: Proffesor Emeritus Lancaster University 10 książek, wiele artykułów;

www.logic.amu.edu.pl dr Victoria Kamasa

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CDA


ZAINTERESOWANIA CDA

dr Victoria Kamasa

4„CDA is analysis of the dialectical

relationships between semiosis (including language) and other elements of social practices.”

„Its particular concern is with the radical changes that are taking place in contemporary social life, with how semiosis figures within processes of change, and with shifts in the relationship between semiosis and other social elements within networks of practices.”


TEORIA CZY METODA?

„CDA is in my view as much theory as method” (s.121)

„it is a theory or method which is in a dialogical relationship with other social

theories and methods, which should engage with them in a `transdisciplinary' rather than

just an interdisciplinary way” (s.121)

dr Victoria Kamasa

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MISJA CDA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„CDA is a form of critical social science, which is envisaged as social science geared to

illuminating the problems which people are confronted with by particular forms of social

life, and to contributing resources which people may be able to draw upon in tackling

and overcoming these problems.”


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PODSTAWOWE POJĘCIA


PODSTAWOWE POJĘCIA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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semioza gatunki dyskursy style praktyki społeczne porządki społeczne (social orders) porządku dyskursu


SEMIOZA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„semiosis as an irreducible part of material social processes. Semiosis includes all forms of

meaning making - visual images, body language, as well as language. We can see

social life as interconnected networks of social practices of diverse sorts (economic, political, cultural, and so on). And every practice has a

semiotic element” (s.122)


JAK DZIAŁA SEMIOZA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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Semiosis figures in broadly three ways in social practices. 1. it figures as a part of the social activity

within a practice2. semiosis figures in representations3. semiosis figures in the `performances' of

particular positions within social practices.

JĘZYK

dr Victoria Kamasawww.logic.amu.edu.pl

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„view of language as an integral element of the material social process” (s.122)


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SEMIOZA

GATUNKI DYSKURSY STYLE


GATUNKI

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„Genres are diverse ways of acting, of producing social life, in the semiotic mode.

Examples are: everyday conversation, meetings in various types of organization, political and other forms of interview, and book reviews.”


DYSKURSY

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„Discourses are diverse representations of social life which are inherently positioned - differently positioned social actors `see' and

represent social life in different ways, different discourses.”


STYLE

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„Semiosis in the performance of positions constitutes styles. (…) Styles are ways of being,

identities, in their semiotic aspect.”


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AKTYWNOŚĆ

SPOŁECZNAGENERY

REPREZENTACJA DYSKURSY

WYKONANIE STYLE

SEMIOZA


PORZĄDKI SPOŁECZNE

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„Social practices networked in a particular way constitute a social order”


PORZĄDKI DYSKURSU

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„The semiotic aspect of a social order is what we can call an order of discourse. It is the way

in which diverse genres and discourses are networked together. An order of discourse is a social structuring of semiotic difference (…) One aspect of this ordering is dominance”


SCHEMAT ANALITYCZNY

dr Victoria Kamasa

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1. Focus upon a social problem which has a semiotic aspect.

2. Identify obstacles to it being tackled, through analysis of1. the network of practices it is located within2. the relationship of semiosis to other elements within

theparticular practice(s) concerned3. the discourse (the semiosis itself )

1. structural analysis: the order of discourse2. interactional analysis3. interdiscursive analysis4. linguistic and semiotic analysis.

3. Consider whether the social order in a sense`needs' the problem.

4. Identify possible ways past the obstacles.5. Reflect critically on the analysis (1±4).


REPRESENTATIONS OF CHANGE IN THE `GLOBAL ECONOMY' .

dr Victoria Kamasa

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PRZYKŁAD BADAŃ


TŁO

dr Victoria Kamasa

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co to jest nowy kapitalizm, nowa ekonomia;rola języka w jej konstrukcji; co do tej pory udało się pokazać na temat badanego dyskursu;


ZANITERESOWANIE

dr Victoria Kamasa

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dominance:identify which genres, discourses, and styles are the dominant one;

difference: consider the range of difference, diversity, in genres, discourses and styles - and the social structuring and restructuring of that difference;

resistance;


PROBLEM SPOŁECZNY

dr Victoria Kamasa

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feasible alternative ways of organizing international economic relations which might not have the detrimental effects of the current way are excluded from the political agenda by these representations

„One's sense of what the major contemporary social problems are comes from a broad perspective on the social order”


PRZESZKODY

dr Victoria Kamasa

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sieci praktyk: powerful network: rządy, instytucje ponad- i

pozarządowe relacja semioza – inne elementy sieci:

semioza uzasadnia i reprezentuje globalną ekonomię jako jedyne zasadne wyjście i w ten sposób wpływa na rozmaite działania

dyskurs: rekontekstualizacja


ANALIZA INTERAKCYJNA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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cechy językowe tekstów:without responsible social agents; timeless, ahistorical present; statements about the new economy are represented categorically as unmodalized truths, and authoritatively;movement from this `is' of the economic to an `ought' of the political; the new economic reality is represented as universal, indifferent to place; series of evidences or appearances of the new economy are represented paratactically as lists.


ANALIZA INTERAKCYJNA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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interdyskursywność:language which appears in texts of organizations such as the World Bank

combined with political and governmental language.


„POTRZEBY” SYSTEMU

dr Victoria Kamasa

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„representations of economic change and the `new global economy' as inevitable are an

important legitimizing part of the new social order”


MOŻLIWOŚCI PRZEKROCZENIA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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wskazanie tekstów w innym dyskursie, „tekstów oporu”:

from a left position within the Labour movement; anti-capitalist organizations;

analiza ich cech;


KRYTYCZNA REFLEKSJA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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How can analyses such as this contribute to tackling problems such as the one I have focused upon?

How can we connect academic papers to for instance campaigns against neo-liberalism, or more concretely to some aspects of the World Trade Organization's attempts to extend `free trade'?

…„I think we have to keep rethinking how we research, how and where we publish, and how we write.”


ZADANIE DOMOWE

TERMIN: za dwa tygodnie

PODSUMOWUJEMY Dla wybranej/ulubionej koncepcji

zastanawiamy się nad…

dr Victoria Kamasa

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1) Jaką definicję dyskursu się przyjmuje?2) Jakie zadania CDA się stawia?

3) Jakie kategorie analityczne się stosuje?4) Jakie metody się stosuje?

5) Jakie są zalety/ silne strony podejścia?6) Jakie są słabości podejścia?


ZADANIE DOMOWE

TERMIN: za dwa tygodnie

PISZEMYOpracowanie wyników;

Wstępną wersję dyskusji.

dr Victoria Kamasa

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BIBLIOGRAFIA

dr Victoria Kamasa

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Education

Kad10 fairclough