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Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

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Page 1: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)
Page 2: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)
Page 3: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism

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Jamie Halstead

Information Specialist

Natural & Mathematical Sciences

Page 4: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Referencing & Citation

and Avoiding Plagiarism

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Page 5: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Referencing & Citation and Avoiding Plagiarism

• What is citation and why do it?

• What is plagiarism and why is it so serious?

• How to avoid it

• How to use other people’s work in your work

• Writing references and bibliographies

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Page 6: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

What You Should Cite?

• Direct quotes– Part of a sentence, built into your sentences– Long quotes that are introduced by your

sentences– Block quotes (quotes of over 40 words)

• Paraphrases– Somebody else’s idea in your words

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Page 8: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)
Page 9: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Why Cite References?

• To avoid plagiarism

• To get credit for the research you have done

• To substantiate what you have written

• To enable others to follow up your research

• To give credit to others for their work

• To enable you to go back and check information

Page 10: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• The presentation of another person’s thoughts or words as though they were your own

• Direct quotations from published or unpublished works of others (including lecture hand-outs) without proper citation.

• Paraphrasing – expressing another person’s ideas of judgements in other words without proper acknowledgement

What Is Plagiarism?

Page 11: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Reasons Why Students Plagiarise

• Cynical plagiarism

• Time pressure

• Poor notes

• Lack of subject knowledge

• Ignorance of citation rules

Page 12: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Plagiarism is a form of cheating and a serious academic offence

• College Plagiarism Policy available from Onespace / Policy Zone

• The School of Natural & Mathematical Sciences Statement on Plagiarism

Kings College Rules On Plagiarism

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Page 13: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Turnitin (http://www.submit.ac.uk) may be used to check your work

• More information on OneSpace at

http://www.kcl.ac.uk/onespace/study/turnitin/

Turnitin

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Page 14: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Avoiding The Pitfalls

•Time management

•Note taking

•Understanding

•Your voice / contribution

Page 15: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Note Taking• In your notes identify:

–direct quotes (“Q”) and –paraphrases (“P”) or –your own ideas (“Me”)

•Make sure to include –page number, –volume/ issue, –author and –article/book/journal title

•Keep a working bibliography

Page 16: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Lack Of Understanding

• Not understanding your notes

• Assuming that you should understand the subject and will be “found out” if you ask for help

• Can’t find a way to express an idea better than the original author

Page 17: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Voice

• Can my reader tell which ideas are mine and which belong to other people?

• Have I represented other peoples work fairly?

• Have I contributed something of my own?

Page 18: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

- Choosing a topic to research

- Choosing what information to read

- Agreeing / disagreeing with what you have read / quoted

- Choosing what information to include/exclude

- Developing your own writing style

Your Contribution

Page 19: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Citation Guidelines

• Citation in text– Paraphrases– Quotes

•Reference & bibliography

•User Guide on Onespace at http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c6/07/98/48/citing2009-10FINAL1.pdf

•Check with your lecturer

Page 20: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

•“There is little doubt that future developments in string theory will utilize many mathematical tools and concepts that do not currently exist. The need for cutting-edge mathematics is promoting a very healthy relationship between large segments of the string theory and mathematics communities.” (Schwartz & Schwartz, 2004, p. 347).

• In the future, string theory will use mathematical concepts which have yet to be invented. The need for new concepts is already producing co-operation between mathematicians and the string theory community.

Paraphrasing (Incorrectly)

Page 21: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

•“There is little doubt that future developments in string theory will utilize many mathematical tools and concepts that do not currently exist. The need for cutting-edge mathematics is promoting a very healthy relationship between large segments of the string theory and mathematics communities.” (Schwartz & Schwartz, 2004, p. 347)

• Schwartz & Schwartz (2004, p 347) accept that in the future, string theory will use mathematical concepts which have yet to be invented and they argue that this need for new concepts is already producing co-operation between mathematicians and the string theory community.

Paraphrasing (Correctly)

Page 22: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

•“There is little doubt that future developments in string theory will utilize many mathematical tools and concepts that do not currently exist. The need for cutting-edge mathematics is promoting a very healthy relationship between large segments of the string theory and mathematics communities.” (Schwartz & Schwartz, 2004, p. 347)

• In the future, string theory will use mathematical concepts which have yet to be invented. The need for new concepts is already producing co-operation between mathematicians and the string theory community (Schwartz & Schwartz, 2004).

Paraphrasing (Incorrectly)

Page 23: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Quoting Tables, Diagrams & Equations

• To correctly reference equations, tables and diagrams you will need to consider the following:

– Equations, diagrams and tables = quotations in the text– Decide which steps of an equation to include and which to leave out

Page 24: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Citing Secondary Sources

•Reference: U. Bossel Does a Hydrogen Economy Make Sense? Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 94, No. 10, October 2006

• E.g. Equations from other people’s work

• If you use a secondary source, make this clear in your citation

Page 25: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Writing a Bibliography/References

• Bibliography – List of consulted readings, e.g. list of textbook sources, studied

while composing your work, but not specifically cited in the text– Usually presented in author order

• Reference list – List of cited sources– Either

• Numeric: superscript numbers1,with numbered reference list• Harvard: (author, year), with author order reference list

Page 26: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Types Of References

• Book• Book chapter• Journal article• E-journal article• Electronic book• Web page• Images

• Illustrations and tables• Computer programme• Conference proceedings• Conference papers• Standards and patents

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• Author (surname and initials)• Year of publication (in brackets)• Title (in italics)• Edition (only needed if 2nd or later edition)• Place of publication• Publisher

e.g. Schwarz P M, Schwarz J H. (2004). Special relativity: from Einstein to strings. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

Books

Page 28: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Author (surname and initials)• Year of publication (in brackets)• Title of article (in quotation marks)• Title of journal (in italics)• Issue details (volume, issue number)• Page number(s) of whole article

e.g. Du Sautoya M (2006). “Burden of proof”. New Scientist. Vol 191, Issue 2566: pp 41-43.

Journal Articles

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• Author• Year that the site was last updated (in brackets)• Title of website (in italics)• Available at: URL• (Accessed: date (in brackets)

e.g. Purdue University Writing Lab (2006). Owl on-line writing lab. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01

(accessed: 09/08/2008).

Websites

Page 30: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Maughan Library and ISC Enquiry Desk020 7848 1178/[email protected]

• Jamie [email protected]

Further Information

Page 31: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Finding Quality Academic Information

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Page 32: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Finding Quality Academic Information

• Web sources and issues

• Journal papers

– Finding the full-text of journal references

– Using databases to search for journal articles on a subject area

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Page 33: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• There’s so much on the web that it’s hard to find the good stuff

• Try Google Scholar

• Change your preferences to link to Kings e-journals

Google

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Page 34: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Good starting point• Health warning!• Don’t rely on it for accuracy

• Your tutors may not accept references to it• Always use authoritative sources

Wikipedia

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Page 35: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Journals when you have a reference– Via the library catalogue

• Journals when you only have a topic– Web of Knowledge– SciVerse – IEEE Xplore

Finding Journal Information

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Page 36: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

V W Maslen. Crystal ionic radii. Proceedings of the Physical Society, 91(1):259–260, 1967.

• Go to the OneSpace log-in page (https://onespace.kcl.ac.uk/) • Click ISS catalogue• Search for Proceedings of the Physical Society • Change select search by to journal title words• Click submit• Click SFX@King’s for the full text• Click the link for full text • Search for the correct volume (91), issue (1) and pages (259-260)• You will need your ATHENS password if off site

Journal Articles When You Have A Reference

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Page 37: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

F. Thompson and J. K. Gagon. Fringe capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor. Physics Education, 17(2):80–82, 1982.

Try to find and access this article yourself

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Page 38: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Phrase Searching – e.g. “robotic fingers”

• Truncation *– e.g. Robot* retrieves robot, robotics, robots etc

• Wildcards $– E.g. colo$r retrieves colour and color

Search Tips

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Page 39: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Some Final Reminders

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Page 40: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

• Senate House and other academic libraries• Other libraries in London• Specialist libraries • British Library

• Inter Library Loans– £3.50 journal article– £6.50 book

External Resources

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Page 41: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Summary

• Make sure you don’t plagiarise

• Use the library e-resources to find quality information

• Impress your tutors with your references and bibliography

• Don’t leave it all to the last minute

• Make sure you keep back up copies of your all work

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Page 42: Literature Searching, Referencing & Citation and Plagiarism (2nd Year Physics)

Questions?

Jamie Halstead

Information Specialist for Natural & Mathematical Sciences

[email protected]

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