EKONOMI PANGAN DAN GIZI

WIWIT RAHAYU, SP MP

• DOSEN: DR. IR. SRI MARWANTI, MS DR. IR. KUSNANDAR, MSi IR. AGUSTONO, MSi WIWIT RAHAYU, SP MP

Materi Pembelajaran

Minggu Materi PengampuI Pengertian dan Ruang Lingkup Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

II Masalah Ekonomi dalam Sistem Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi

Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

III Analisis Kebutuhan pangan dengan pendekatan AKG, PPH, KFM

Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

IV UKD I Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

V Konsumsi Pangan dan Gizi: Pengukuran dan analisisnya Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

VI Harga dan Konsumsi pangan dan Gizi Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

VII Pendapatan dan Konsumsi Pangan dan Gizi Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

VIII UKD II Wiwit Rahayu, SP MP

Materi Pembelajaran (cont’)

Minggu Materi PengampuIX Ketersediaan Pangan dan Gizi: Pendekatan NBM Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

X Pengelolaan cadangan dan Distribusi Pangan Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

XI Perdagangan Pangan Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

XII UKD III Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

XIII Gizi dan Produktivitas Kerja Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

XIV Krisis Ekonomi dan Krisis Pangan Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

XV Investasi pangan gizi untuk Pembangunan manusia

Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

XVI UKD IV Dr. Ir. Kusnandar, MSi

Evaluasi Hasil Pembelajaran

• Kehadiran• Penugasan • Ujian

Pendahuluan

Ilmu ekonomi: ilmu yang mempelajari upaya manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan

Pangan: kebutuhan dasar manusia… memenuhi kebutuhan gizi untuk hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif

Pemenuhan pangan dan gizi menghadapi berbagai keterbatasan dan dipengaruhi oleh

banyak faktor

Subsistem

Sistem Pangan & Gizi

Produksi Ketersediaan Distribusi Konsumsi Status Gizi

Menghasilkan dinamikaIndustri & penangananPascapanen:•Menyiapkan & mengolah•Mengawetkan•Mengemas•Mengubah btk pangan

Sub-subsistem

•Cadangan•Impor•Ekspor

•Akses fisik & ekonomi•Stabilitas harga

•Keragaman•Keamanan•Jumlah•Mutu gizi•Individu•Keluarga•Masyarakat

•Gizi kurang•gizi lebih

Sistem GiziSistem pangan

Ekonomi Pangan dan Gizi

ilmu yang mempelajari upaya manusia dalam masyarakat utk memenuhi pangan & gizi dgn sumberdaya yg terbatas serta mempelajari peranan pangan & gizi dlm pembangunan

ekonomi.

Hubungan Ekonomi dgn Pangan & Gizi

Status Gizi Individu

Ketersediaan Pangan

Konsumsi Pangan

Pemilihan Pangan

Distribusi Pangan

Produksi Pangan

Perilaku Konsumen

Perilaku Produsen

Pasar

Ruang Lingkup & Variabel Ekonomi Pangan dan Gizi

Tingkat konsumsi pangan & gizi

Status gizi

Kualitas manusia

Pendapatan Pengeluaran

Harga

Konsumsi pangan & gizi

Tingkat kemiskinan

Ukuran kemiskinan

Ukuran upah minimum

Nilai kebutuhan fisik minimum

Nilai kebutuhanpangan

Nilai kebutuhannonpangan

Kebutuhan pangan & gizi

Faktor lain

Faktor lain

Re-Positioning Nutrition as Central to Development: From Evidence to ActionMeera Shekar (2006)Human Development NetworkWorld Bank

•Why reducing malnutrition is essential to poverty reduction?

Child Malnutrition

Inadequate dietary intake

Disease

Insufficient access to food

Inadequate child-carepractices

Poor water/sanitation & inadequate

health services

Quantity/quality of actual resources & the waythey are controlled

Potential resources: environment, Technology, people

Outcome

Immediate causes

Underlying causes

Basic causes at societal level

Source: The State of the World’s Children, UNICEF, 1998

The cycle of poverty and malnutrition

Indirect loss in productivity from poor cognitive development

and schooling

Direct loss in productivity from

poor physical status

Loss in resources from increased

health care costs of ill health

Income poverty

Low food intake Frequent infections

Hard physical labor Large families

Frequent pregnancies

Malnutrition

Source: Modified from World Bank (2002a); Bhagwati et al. (2004).

Source: Haddad et al (2003)

The income-malnutrition relationshipThe trickle-down effect is modest…

0

10

20

30

40

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000GNP per capita in $ (PPP)

Perc

ent o

f und

erwe

ight

chi

ldre

n <5

(%)

1990's

1970's1980's

Reducing Malnutrition is essential to poverty reduction

Taken from Shekar (2006)

Malnutrition Poverty

• GDP losses 2-3%

• Leads to a >10% potential reduction in lifetime earnings for each malnourished individual

• Malnutrition (stunting) in early years linked to a – 4.6 cm loss of height in adolescence– 0.7 grades loss of schooling– 7 month delay in starting school

Source: Alderman et al (2003)

(Improved nutrition can be a driver of growth)

Reducing Malnutrition is essential to poverty reduction

Taken from Shekar (2006)

How Can we Improve Nutrition?

Long routes:

Income growth, women’s education, agriculture and food production interventions, trade policies, macro-economic policies…

Short routes: Exclusive breast-feeding, appropriate complementary feeding, ante-natal care for mothers,… (Knowledge, behavior change/demand side interventions); gender interventions, micronutrient supplementation & fortification

Taken from Shekar (2006)