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Mathematics Assignment

Name: Kok Ka Shing (0323553)

Randall Martin Gustaf (0323276)

Yeong Poh Ling (0323590)

Yip Xiaojung (0323852)

Yap Choe Hoong

Chin Cheong Soon

Loh Wen Jun

Intake: FNBE March 2015

Tutor: Miss Ann See Peng

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Table Of Content

Introduction 3

Objectives 4

Methodology 5

Survey 6-8

Analysis 9-25

Conclusion 26

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Introduction Firstly, we were asked to form a group of 5-7 people and were require to conduct a survey on the level of understanding of both male and female students in Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus aged 17-21 and aged 22-26 of a common chronic disease in Malaysia.

We decided to focus on the chronic disease which was high blood pressure for our survey. High Blood pressure is a common disease where blood flows through the arteries at a higher than normal pressure. Over time, if the blood pressure is constantly high it will stretch the arteries beyond the healthy limit and will damage the arteries. This will cause many problems like increase risk of blood clot and increase workload on the circulatory system for the individual and it could also lead to other disease such as stroke, heart failure, dementia and many more.

Studies have shown that in the year 2013, 1 in 3 Malaysians aged 18 and above suffer from high blood pressure. It is also found that hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in Malaysia. So in this survey, we had prepared some questions regarding about the disease and also some little known facts about the disease.

Through this survey, we will find out how much does the students of Taylor’ University knows and understand about the danger of high blood pressure. We can also determine which gender male or female is more knowledgeable about the disease.

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Objectives For this survey, we did not select a specific gender to focus on. The objective of this survey is mainly to test the knowledge of Taylor’s student of different age group on their understanding on the disease which is high blood pressure. Besides that, it is also to further our own understanding on the disease that we are surveying about. Not only that, we are also to further analyse on the views of other people on the disease. Finally, we are to collect 350 survey data from different gender and age group in order for us to compare the results later on and to tabulate all the data in an organized manner.

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Methodology The questions for this survey were completed on the 27th of December 2015 and we use 4 days of the following week to carry out the survey by distributing the questionnaire around Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus. As my group has 7 people, each one of us is tasked assigned to give out 50 surveys, so that gives us a total of 350 surveys.

After collecting all 350 surveys back from the students, we complied all our group’s data and create charts for each of the questions in the survey based on the data we collected. After that, we also analysed the data and calculated the mode for each of the question to put in our analysis.

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Sample Survey Form

Survey Introduction

You are asked to complete the following survey as part of a statistics assignment for mathematics students in Foundation in Natural and built environment (FNBE) semester 2 March 2015 intake to study the understanding of high blood pressure among the students in Taylors University Lakeside Campus.

There is no right or wrong answers in this survey. Your response will give us more information on the subject at hand in order to help us advance in our studies.

There are a total of 15 questions in this survey.

This survey will take approximately 10 minutes to complete.

Gender

☐ Male ☐ Female

Age

☐ 17-21 ☐ 22-26

1. How many Malaysians suffer from high blood pressure?☐ 1 in 5 people☐ 1 in 3 people☐ 1 in 10 people

2. What causes high blood pressure?☐ Unhealthy lifestyle☐ Stress☐ Genetics☐ All of the above

3. Which age category is most vulnerable to this disease?☐ Teens☐ Adults☐ Senior citizens☐ All of the above

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4. Which gender has a higher risk of contracting high blood pressure?☐ Male☐ Female☐ Does not matter

5. High blood pressure is a common disease.☐ True☐ False

6. High blood pressure leads to other diseases. ☐ True☐ False

7. Is high blood pressure fatal if not treated?☐ Yes☐ No

8. How often should an individual check their blood pressure?☐ Once a day☐ Once a week☐ Once a month☐ Once a year

9. What is the most suitable way to reduce your blood pressure, if you have high blood pressure? ☐ By medication☐ By changing your diet☐ By exercise☐ All together

10. How many stages of hypertension are there?☐ None☐ 1☐ 2

11. At what reading do your consider having high blood pressure?☐ ☐☐

12. Smoking increases the risk of heart attack and stroke threefold in individuals that has high blood pressure.☐ True☐ False

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13. In rare cases, what are the symptoms of those that suffer high blood pressure?☐ Shortness of breath☐ blurred vision ☐ Headaches☐ All of the above

14. People now possess a higher risk of contracting high blood pressure compared to the olden days. ☐ Yes☐ No

15. African and Caribbean people are more prone to contract high blood pressure.☐ True☐ False

Analysis

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Our respondents consists of 47.4% female respondents and 52.6% male respondents.

65.2% of the Male respondents are in the age group of 17-21 while 34.8% is within the age group of 22-26.

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75.9% of the female respondents are in the age group of 17-21 while the remaining are in the age group of 22-26.

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1.

Q: How many Malaysians suffer from high blood pressure?

A: 1 in 3 people

Frequency, fGender MALE FEMALE

1/5 people 73 611/3 people 51 591/10 people 60 46

Mode: Male - 1 in 5 people / Female- 1 in 5 people

27.7% of male and 35.5% of female knows that 1 in 3 people suffers from high blood pressure. This shows that the respondents assume that 1 in 5 people suffer from high blood pressure but in reality, there are more Malaysians who are suffering from high blood pressure.

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2.

Q: What causes high blood pressure?

A: All of the above


Unhealthy lifestyle

56 41

Stress 37 20Genetics 12 16All of the above 79 89

Mode: Male – All of the above / Female – All of the above

High blood pressure is caused by unhealthy lifestyle, stress and genetics. Unhealthy lifestyle like high sodium intake, drinking excess amount of alcohol and lack of physical activity can lead to high blood pressure. Stress from short-term and long-term can cause spikes in blood pressure, leading to high blood pressure. Genetic factors play some role in high blood pressure.

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3.

Q: Which age category is most vulnerable to this disease?

A: All of the above


Teens 13 11Adults 54 51Senior Citizens 65 58All of the above 52 46

Mode: Male – Senior Citizens / Female – Senior Citizens

Anyone from any age group is vulnerable to this disease. High blood pressure affects people from the age group from teens up to senior citizens. 28.3% of male and 27.7% of female is well aware of this.

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4.

Q: Which gender has a higher risk of contracting high blood pressure?

A: Does not matter.


Male 52 36Female 19 19Does not matter 113 111

Mode: Male – Does not matter / Female – Does not matter

Gender is not a factor in contracting high blood pressure. It does not matter if you are male or female, the risk of contracting high blood pressure is there. 61.4% of Male and 66.9% of Female is aware that gender does not play a role in contracting high blood pressure.

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5.

Q: High blood pressure is a common disease.

A: True


True 152 137False 32 29

Mode: Male – True / Female – True

High blood pressure is a common disease. It is when the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high

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6.

Q: High blood pressure leads to other disease

A: True


True 132 113False 52 53


High blood pressure can lead to other disease such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, Transient ischemic attack (TIA), dementia and others. 71.4% of male and 68.07% of female are aware of high blood pressure leading to other diseases.

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7.

Q: Is high blood pressure fatal if not treated?

A: Yes


Yes 159 139No 25 27

Mode: Male – Yes / Female – Yes

High blood pressure is fatal if not treated. It can lead to major health problems that can lead to death. 86.4% of Male and 83.7% of Female is aware that it is fatal if not treated.

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8.

Q: How often should an individual check their blood pressure?

A: Once a year


Once a day 15 13Once a week 26 37Once a month 102 79Once a year 41 37

Mode: Male – Once a month / Female – Once a month

An individual should check their blood pressure yearly to monitor their health. However, 55.43% of Male and 47.59% of Female assume that they should check their blood pressure monthly. Only 22.28% of male and 22.28% of female knows that they should check their blood pressure yearly.

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9.

Q: What is the most suitable way to reduce your blood pressure, if you have high blood pressure?

A: All together


By medication 26 22By changing your diet 36 34By exercise 24 14All together 98 96

Mode: Male – All together / Female – All together

To reduce blood pressure, one can take medication, changing to low sodium diet and exercising. 53.3% of male and 57.8% of female is aware that one can do all of the above to reduce blood pressure.

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10.

Q: How many stages of hypertension are there?

A: 2


Nope 64 611 35 252 85 80

Mode: Male – 2 / Female – 2

There are 2 stages of hypertension. If your systolic blood pressure is between 140 and 159 or your diastolic pressure is between 90 and 99, you are considered to be in hypertension stage 1. If your systolic pressure is 160 or higher or your diastolic pressure is 100 or higher, you have hypertension stage 2. 46.2% of male and 48.2% of female is aware of the presence of 2 stages of hypertension.

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11.

Q: At what reading do you consider having high blood pressure?

A: 120/80 mm/Hg


80/50 mm/Hg 3 6120/80 mm/Hg 56 41Above 120/80 mm/Hg

125 119

Mode: Male – Above 120/80 mm/Hg / Female – Above 120/80 mm/Hg

The reading for high blood pressure is 120/80 mm/Hg. 67.93% of Male and 71.69% of Female assume that one is considered to have high blood pressure if their reading is above 120/80 mm/Hg. However, only 30.4% of male and 24.7% of female is aware that the reading for high blood pressure is 120/80 mm/Hg.

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12.

Q: Smoking increases the risk of heart attack and stroke threshold in individuals that has high blood pressure.

A: True.


True 158 142False 26 24


If one has high blood pressure, smoking can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke threshold. Smokers are likely to get heart attack and stroke. 85.87% of male and 85.54% of female are well aware of the dangers of a smoker with high blood pressure.

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13.

Q: In rare cases, what are the symptoms of those that suffer high blood pressure?

A: All of the above


Shortness of breath 51 18Blurred vision 17 12Headaches 38 38All of the above 78 98

Mean: Male – all of the above / Female – all of the above

The symptoms of those that suffer high blood pressure are shortness of breath, blurred vision and headaches. 42.4% of male and 59% of female are well aware of these symptoms of high blood pressure.

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14.

Q: People now possess a higher risk of contracting high blood pressure compared to the olden days.

A: Yes


Yes 160 145No 24 21

Mode: Male – Yes / Female – Yes

Compared to the olden days, individuals possess a higher risk of contracting high blood pressure because the food in the present are processed, people of this generation are faced with more stress and people of this generation exercise less. 86.96% of male and 87.35% of female are aware that people face a higher risk in this generation.

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15.

Q: African and Caribbean people are more prone to contract high blood pressure.

A: True


True 55 59False 129 10

Mode : Male – False / Female – False

African and Caribbean people are more prone to contract high blood pressure because of genetic factors and environmental factors. Up until now, researchers do not have an answer to why African and Caribbean people are more prone to high blood pressure. 29.9% of male and 35.5% of female are aware of this situation. However, 70.1% of male and 64.5% of female are not aware that African and Caribbean people are more prone to high blood pressure.

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ConclusionIn conclusion, the major purpose of our survey is to gather and combine

all the information into a complete table to examine the understanding level of males and females about high blood pressure or HBP for short. Through the data collected, males are the majority of the survey with the total number of 184 while females total up to 166 which equal our total participants to 350 people. For males, 65.2% are in the age group 17-21 and 34.8% are from the age group 22-26. Whereas for females, 75.9% are in the age group 17-21 and 24.1% are from the age group 22-26. In the end, females are more knowledgeable about high blood pressure.

Based on our research, the average answers given by our participators shows that Malaysians are somewhat well educated in some aspects but not all. As an exemplary question, they were asked about how many people are affected by ratios in Malaysia. Most of them answered 1 in 10 people and 1 in 5 people even though the answer is 1 in every 3 people. This shows that Malaysians are not aware on how common this disease is. On the other hand, most of the male and female participants answered correctly with the answer yes when asked a question whether the disease is fatal or not. The overall survey showed that Malaysians are not really aware of the dangers and other important information such as how to prevent high blood pressure from happening in the first place and also the steps of regulating yourself if one is to have high blood pressure.

Kementrian Kesihatan Malaysia should organize more campaigns to raise the awareness of high blood pressure. They should conduct it in schools as a platform for children to have and that knowledge to bring with them when they grow up. Another way is to place posters all around populated area to for the recognition of the disease. If all of these steps are abided, then more people would be away from the dangers from high blood pressure.

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Education

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