Mathematics, Statistics and Medical Informatics

Introduction to Medical Informatics

Aslı YAZAĞANMiddle East Technical University

Doctoral Student at Informatic Institute

Medical Informatics Programme &

RTEU Vocational School Teaching Assistant at

Computer Technologies Department

31.03.2015 Tbilisi State Medical University Aslı Yazağan

Who I am


Matematics @ HacettepeInformatics @ Pittsburgh

Medical Informatics Metu

OverviewStory of Mathematics and Statistics

Medical Informatics

Global Health Issues

Emerging Trends

The Future of Medicine

New Technologies in Medicine

Wearable & Portable Health Devices

3D Printing

Augmented Reality

Online Health Communities

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL INFORMATICS


Chain Problem



Here is the story

What do you think about this?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqfVKsBkB1s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFFHh4nZKwE

Chain Problem



What aboutthis?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dQJBBklpQQ

Turbulance Theory

Newton (17.yy) vs. Laplace (18.yy)



Math : Language of Nature

• Math create rules to define the whole universe.• Is it possible to apply mathematics’s principles on

social sciences such as biology, sociology, economic and medicine?

• Is it language for human nature?



Dealing with uncertanity

• Human ~ Uncertanity, many variables..• Not possible to have exact result.• How to calculate the probability of a case occurs?

Statistics and Probability

• 16yy : researchers tries to deal with uncertanity.Kuantum Physics rely on uncertanity.



Mathematics use statistics and probability to diffuse

social sciences.



Social Sciences(biology,

sociology, economics medicine)

statistics

probability

Statistics• 17.yy - a salesclerk in London : John Graunt• Weekly Death Report from all regions > Live table

63 disease and death reasonsFirst time new born sex balanceAge distibution of people in the regionChild and old deaths and reasons

• Mathematics meet with Social Sciences…



Statistics• If a person 60 years old what is the prob. of he lives

until 80?• Even papa used!

“According to table half of people die before 17 years old. So instead of complaining about life, we should think each year a gift for us given.” Edmont Halley



Statistics • Social phenomenon has a reason and statistics can

be used to set rules for social regulation.• Founder of modern statistics: Belguim scientist

Lambert Adolphe-Jacques Quetelet

• People’s weight, height, limb lenght and also entellectual properties…

All human features has similar distibution.



Statistics • Measurable features has a distribution depending a

mathematical function.

• But people income does not show a normal distribution??



Probability• Gamblers..• Karl Peason

24.000 coin toss : 12.000 vs 12.012



“Looks like a chance but it obeys a rule”.

Probability and Genetics• A priest from Moravia : Mendel• Mathematicals foundation of Genetics• Experiments on peas

Similar to 2 coin toss experiment.



Next Generation Sequencing• Geneticists tries to predicts future

generation characteristics analyzing DNA using statisicical methods.



Big Data

• Probability and Statistics are meaningfull if

there is a BIG AMOUNT OF DATA

Informatics



The world is getting old… Demand is increasing…

The life expectancy of human is increasing Chronic diseases is increasing Health Personnel need is increasing Health consciousness is improving



+Hospitals need

Qualified Health workers needIncreasing Health Expenses and gap between rich & poor

Insufficient education of public





Emerging Trends in Medical Field

Genomic Medicine

Standardized Electronic Health Records

Remote Healthcare and Diagnosis

Aggregated Public Health Data



Genomic Medicine

• Advances in genomic medicine envision personalized medicine that uses individuals’ genome information to prevent, diagnose and treat diseases.

Challenges: storing, sharing and analyzing the genomic data.



Electronic Health Records

• Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitutudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting.

Challenges: Storing, sharing and analyzing it securely.



Remote Healthcare and Diagnosis

• Solution for the people that are not able to get good health services in rural areas.

• Health Professionals can collaborate to give the best decision for patients.

• Patients can be monitored to get real-time health information using a mobile device and an alarm system can be triggered when an abnormal situation is detected.

Challenges: Storing, sharing and analyzing it securely. 31.03.2015 Tbilisi State Medical University Aslı Yazağan


Aggregated Public Health Data

• Large data obtained by digital health records that does not have information identifies any individual patients.

Challenges: Analyzing this data can produce significant outcomes for public assessments, public education and for commercial purposes.



What are the NEEDs for Future?

Clinicians need to; Be more efficientMigrate away from paper based-recordsReduce Medication errorsHave educational and patient related information at their

fingerprints.

More tools for clinicians; Internet High speed computers Voice recognition Wireless and mobile technology



A Geek DoctorBertalan Meskó, MD, PhD



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXmFJm1UF3w

Preventive Medicine





Medicine + Mathematics + Engineering



Medicine + Mathematics + Engineering





What could be a Solution?

•Application of computers, communications and information technology and systems to all field of medicine – medical care, medical education and medical research. •Use scientific field that deals with big data.•Understanding, skills and tools that enable the sharing and use of information to deliver healthcare and promote health

Doctor 2.0

•Bioinformatics Analysis of biological information using computers and statistical techniques; the science of developing and utilizing computer databases and algorithms to accelerate and enhance biological research.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTAKyezQggk&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTAKyezQggk&feature=youtu.be

Medicine + Mathematics + Engineering + Informatics

Medicine : grounds us in clinically relevent questionsMathematics : news way to analyze and taylor it to specific disease

Engineering : put the pieces together Informatics: helps to deal with big data



Medical Informatics



Medicine is going to become an information science.Dr. Leroy Hood (Genomics pioneer)

Wearable Health Devices



Paramedics using the handheld Stroke Angel system in the field.

Ambulances equipped with PDA-based checklists help guide the paramedics’ examination of patient status; the PDA transfers examination results and patient data wirelessly to an appropriate hospital for pre-registration and check-in.




A belt that can monitor a developing baby's heartbeat, sleep and motion could allow doctors to monitor high-risk pregnancies without hospitalising mothers




The ActiBelt system: Multiple MS patients wore ActiBelts for seven days at home so that researchers could record their movements and measure their daily activity. It can detect movements related to running, walking, sitting, standing up, lying down.

3D Printing



In 2013, French Professor Alain Carpentier engineered the first self-regulating artificial heart, using biomaterials and electronic sensors. Electronic sensors and microprocessors could monitor blood pressure and flow in real time – instantly adjusting the pulse rate.

Virtual & Augmented Reality



https://youtu.be/zJiCt_VYxPY?list=UU8vwN4Sju7ER6KZzDADBKBQ

Online Health Communities





Thank you!



Turkey Case

Medical Informatics Education in Turkey



•Computer education class first in 1984 in Medical faculties. •Most of Medical Faculties have Computer class.•Medical Informatician is

a Biostatician a lecturer from Public Health department?a lecturer from Medical Education department?

•Course Contents:ICT (Information Communication Technology)

Computer Hardware - Office ProgramsMedical Informatics

HIS, EHR, Health Standards, Databases, Medical Literature and Internet, etc.

https://youtu.be/iTAKyezQggk

https://youtu.be/iTAKyezQggk

Medical Informatics SubFields



•Health Information Systems•Decision Support Systems•Bioinformatics

Electronic Health RecordsImage Processing Signal AnalysisNursing Information SystemsTeleMedicineHealth Standards(HL7 ,DICOM)Augmented Reality3-D Printing Wearable Health devicesMedical Informatics Education

Decision Support Systems



•Decision making process requires having all relevant data displayed in a meaningful setting.

•Medical Images AnalysisAbnormally detection from the medical images Image segmentation and registration

Bioinformatics



•Bioinformatic and biomedical researchers need resource-intensive applications to store large data sets, catalogs and archives. •Image analysis, data mining, protein folding and gene sequencing are all important tasks for biomedical researches