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Presentation of Psychology By Zia ullah Khalil Roll No. 81 Date: 21/05/2014

Measuring personality

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Page 1: Measuring personality

Presentation of Psychology

By Zia ullah Khalil

Roll No. 81

Date: 21/05/2014

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Measuring Personality

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ContentsMeasurement …….The origin of personality…..Personality…………Measurement of personality……….Personality test ………Personality Inventories….Methods of measurement of personality….Other methods………..Projective technique……….

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Measurement

1.Measurment means to describe any thing or trait in quantitative value.

2. According to N.E. Gronlund measurement is the process of obtaining a numerical description of the degree to which an individual possesses a particular characteristic. (Answers the question “How much?”)

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The Origin of Personality The word the personality is derived from the

Latin word persona that was associated with Greek Theatre(a building where theatrical performances) in ancient(old) times.

Persona was meant a “mask” , which a Greek actor commonly used to wear when they work on the stage. We can say that the mask for persona(performance) of the actor implied a cover for the real person behind it.

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Personality

Personality is the extent to which a person impresses or attract other people , but in psychology it means the whole of person outstanding characteristics, his ability, his emotional and social traits(relating to human society and its member), his interests and attitude.

Personality is the combination of vague(not clear) and intangible quality .

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Why measure personality?

• Determine workplace suitability• To be used in conjunction with intelligence tests to make

decisions about school suitability• To assist in diagnosis (identifying the nature) of a mental

illness• To be used to court by forensic (relating to)

psychologists to determine personality of a possible offender

• Sport psychologists: to help understand their clients• As part of a research study or to develop tests• Generally used for diagnostic purposes

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Personality tests

• A personality test is an assessment device used to evaluate or measure aspects of personality, such as factors (dimensions) and traits

• Different tests based on different theorists• Two different kinds or types of personality tests:

personality inventories and projective tests

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Personality Inventories

• Most commonly used of personality tests• A personality inventory is a self-report, ‘paper and pencil’

or online test which has a list of questions designed to assess various aspects of personality are considered to be ‘objective’ tests because the person giving the test does not subjectively (personally) interpret what the test-taker means by their responsesexample NTS, CSS, ISSB

• The answers given are compared with the answers of other

• individuals with known personality traits who have taken the test

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Other Classification of methods of studying personality

• Clinical

• Psychometric

• Experimental

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A:Clinical Method (depending on direct observation of patients)

•One of the clinical method of studying personility is through life history.•A Psycologist collects the information from the person himself.•The task psycologist to collect information is very different from that of biographer or a police officer.

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Charactiristic of clinical method

• They are observer dependent.

• They are primarily qualitative.

• Data collected can be analysed in various ways.

• Their reliability and validity are not very high.

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B: Psychometric methods

• These methods do not require the presence of the observer.

• The responses are self-recorded and are analysed according a fix set of rules;.

• These method aim at qualitative assessment.• The psychometric methods tell us only

something about specific traits.

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C: Experimental Technique

• This method helped in contributing the theory of personility and perception.

• The controlled conditions in the laboratory have made it possible to study the person under condition assess in the laboratory leading to greater understanding of factors that lead to organization and breakdown.

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Autobiography Method

• In this method the child gives an account of his life experiences from early childhood to the date of writing.

• This method helps the teacher or the counselor to have a glimpse of the personality structure, his ability thinking, his like and dis like.This method also gives evidence of instructional achievement of the child.

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Organization of autobiography

Following outline in writing an autobiography may be used:

1.My family

2.My first year before school.

3.My years in the elementary school.

4.Places I have lived.

5.Vocation I have spent.

6.Trips I have taken.

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Anecdotal Record

• An anecdotal (short account of an incident) is a running description of actual example of behavior of a student as observed by teacher and the counselor.

• It is followed by comments.• According to brown and martin ’’ anecdotes are

descriptive accounts of episodes or occurrences in the daily life of the student.

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Diaries of children

• Diaries, if available, can be used as an important and unique tool in throwing depend upon many important and vital aspects of the personality of individual because it is the most personal of personal documents and contains the records of events, thoughts and feelings.

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Interview

• In interview may be deinfed as aface to face verbal exchange in which one person i.e. the interviewer attempts to elict information on a veriety of topics form the interviewer . Interviews as use for a variety of purposes and as such there are various types of interview perosn for adimsision for evaluative interview for determining the fitness of person admission, for a job or for scholarship, etc.

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Observation

• Observation is one of the most ancient and widely used ments of assessing personality

• Ob serration has been defined as measurement without instruments education observation is the most commonly employed of all measurement techniques in the present as well as in the past , student have been labeled as good fair

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Projective Methods/ technique

• Projective methods are those methods in which we provide subject with relatively indefinite and unstructured material and than alley him to structure the material in anyway he like.

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Characteristic projective techniques

• The projective techniques have the follwing common characteristics

• The stimulus mateiral is ambiguous and weaky strcutred and the expecterd to supply meaning, significance, organization or in some leave the impression of his personlity upon the under defined

• Projective techniques tap the implicit or unconscious aspects. Of the personality.

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Kinds of projective

• some of the proejctive test are stan derdized and are widely used. The include rorschach, ink blot test, thematic apperception test and various other picture tests like children apperception. Teast picture frustration study etc. out of these chidlren roschachis ink blot thematic appercepation.

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Projective Techniques (PT)

• • Clinical psychology• Consumer, marketing, advertising

research• • Generally known as motivation research• Cf. Motivation is the activation or

energization of• goal-oriented behavior.

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Types of PT

• • Categorized in terms of the response types• required of subjects• 1. Association• 2. Construction• 3. Completion• 4. Expressive• 5. Choice Ordering

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Conclusion we studied that……• Measurement • Personality • Mayer in personality • Methods of personality (clinical method, psychometiric, experiment

method ) • Other method i.e• Autobiography method • Anecdotal record • Diaries of children • Interview • Observation • Projective methods • Type of project

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•THANKS