MICROBES

•Bacteria•Algae•Virus•Fungi

•Protozoa

•By Shaurya Tomer

Bacteria

What are bacteria? Bacteria are a large group of

unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometers in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.

Bacteria

Shapes of bacteria:

Bacillus : Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes.

Coccus : Cocci (singular) are any bacteria whose shape is spherical or nearly spherical.

Comma shaped: It’s name says for itself it is some way like a comma .

Bacteria

Binary fission of bacteria:

Binary fission : This process results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell by division into two parts which each have the potential to grow to the size of the original cell.

Bacteria Uses of bacteria : Medicine Industry (antibiotics) Tanning of leather Wine Industry Lactobacillus (converts curd into milk) Bacteria living in the gut of herbivore

animals break down cellulose. Synthesis of vitamin b complex Decompose matter Nitrogen fixation

Algae

What is algae? Algae are a large and diverse

group of simple, autotrophic organisms (organisms that can make their own food), ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms.

Algae

Where are they found ? Algae are usually found in moist,

damp or aquatic places Does algae have chlorophyll or not? Alga is the only being other than

plants containing chlorophyll . Alga also is the only being except plants to photosynthesize.

Algae

Some algae : Spirogyra Chlamydomonas Volvox Kelp

Algae

Uses of alga : Ice-cream Toothpastes Medicines Agar gel (food for biotechnological

experiments) Oxygen to the atmosphere

Algae Harmful aspect:

Eutrophication or algal bloom :

When excess fertilizers enter the sea from agricultural fields, it creates a big layer of algae called algal bloom, which is very harmful for aquatic or marine life as the algae completely cuts out sunlight from the water beneath it, and for a matter of fact, it also reduce oxygen in the water, which cause the fish and other aquatic animals to die. This process is called Eutrophication.

Fungi

What is fungi? Fungus is a eukaryotic

organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi . The fungi are a monophyletic group, also called the Eumycota .

Fungi

Some fungi: Rhizopus :Rhizopus is a genus of molds

that includes cosmopolitan filamentous fungi found in soil, decaying fruit and vegetables, animal feces, and old bread.

Agaricus: Agaricus is a large and important genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide .Agaricus are characterized by having a fleshy cap or pileus, from the underside of which grow a number of radiating plates or gills on which are produced the naked spores.

Fungi

Useful aspects Edible mushrooms Yeast (baking products) Penicillium is antibiotic Cheese

Fungi

Harmful aspects : Food spoilage Poisonous mushrooms when

consumed cause food poisoning . Athlete foot , ringworm diseases Diseases in plants Leather goods spoilage

Protozoa

What are protozoa? Protozoa are microorganisms

classified as unicellular eukaryotes. Protozoa are paraphyletic. Though they have sometimes been described as a subkingdom or phylum, they do not constitute a formal taxon in modern classification systems .

Protozoa

Types of protozoa: Amoeba: Paramecium: Euglena:

Virus

What is a virus? A virus is a microscopic infectious

agent that can only reproduce inside a host cell. Viruses infect all types of organisms: from animals and plants, to bacteria and archaea.