Modern english master

modernenglish

By Juan Montes, Vicky Guo, Lorna, Barb Sawyers, Dan Mason and Rena Lu

For Linguistics, CCLCS, TESL OntarioMay 1, 2015

modernenglish1500 to Present Day

modernenglishThe Modern Period

• From 1500 to 1945 (after WWII it is known as the “Postmodern Period”)

The Modern Period• From 1500 to 1945 (after WWII it is known as the “Postmodern Period”)


• From 1500 to 1945 (after WWII it is known as the “Postmodern Period”)

• It was the age of knowledge, science, democracy, exploration.

The Modern Period• From 1500 to 1945 (after WWII it is known as the “Postmodern Period”)

• It was the age of knowledge, science, democracy, exploration.


Key Milestones:

• Columbus’ discovery of the new world

• The Reformation and Counter-Reformation

• Isaac Newton & the scientific method

• The French Revolution & American Revolution

• Rise of industry & capitalist economics

• The creation of nation states

• World War 1

The Modern Period

Key Milestones:

• Columbus’ discovery of the new world

• The Reformation and Counter-Reformation

• Isaac Newton & the scientific method

• The French Revolution & American Revolution

• Rise of industry & capitalist economics

• The creation of nation states

• World War 1

modernenglishThe Renaissance (14th – 17th C)

The Renaissance marked the 1st “stage” of the modern period.

The Renaissance (14th – 17th C)




• Transition period between feudalism and democracy



• Transition period between feudalism and democracy



• Transition period between feudalism and democracy.

• Transition of knowledge from faith to experimentation.













modernenglishEnglish & The Renaissance

This was a period of great expansion and “maturity” of the English language

Especially with vocabulary, vowel use, and standardization

English & The Renaissance

This was a period of great expansion and “maturity” of the English language

Especially with vocabulary, vowel use, and standardization

modernenglishEnglish & The Renaissance

• Return to Greek and Roman literature, translated to English—not Latin.

• Printing press made literacy accessible to a larger audience.

• Reformation led to the Church of England & the first bible in English.

• Intellectual thought shifted from Latin to English

• Intellectual writing created a need for new words

• “Inkhorn words”

English & The Renaissance• Return to Greek and Roman literature, translated to English—not Latin.

• Printing press made literacy accessible to a larger audience.

• Reformation led to the Church of England & the first bible in English.

• Intellectual thought shifted from Latin to English

• Intellectual writing created a need for new words

• “Inkhorn words”

modernenglishInkhorn Words

Newly invented (borrowed) words from Greek, Latin, French, and Overseas.

‘Inkhorn words’ was a word of objection, that they were words only made up by pretentious writers just to sound pretentious.

Non-English

Inkhorn Words

Newly invented (borrowed) words from Greek, Latin, French, and Overseas.

‘Inkhorn words’ was a word of objection, that they were words only made up by pretentious writers just to sound pretentious.

Non-English


William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616)

Inkhorn Words




• Introduced more than 2000 new words or catch-phrases into English.

• critical, leapfrog, majestic, dwindle, pedant,

Inkhorn Words


• Introduced more than 2000 new words or catch-phrases into English.

• critical, leapfrog, majestic, dwindle, pedant,


accommodation addiction anticipate compatible democracy

education encyclopedia excellent pretext

profitable anonymous antique catastrophe

enthusiasm tenacious splendidious

contemplate pathetique tranquil complexion

Inkhorn Words

accommodation addiction anticipate compatible democracy

education encyclopedia excellent pretext

profitable anonymous antique catastrophe

enthusiasm tenacious splendidious

contemplate pathetique tranquil complexion

modernenglishLinguistics of Inkhorn Words

• polysyllabic

• consistent prefixes and suffixes [ex~, ab~, ante~, com~]

[~able, ~ous, ~ation, ~ence]

• Noticeable Greek, Latin, and French patterns in affixes

Another dramatic trend was…

Linguistics of Inkhorn Words• polysyllabic

• consistent prefixes and suffixes [ex~, ab~, ante~, com~]

[~able, ~ous, ~ation, ~ence]

• Noticeable Greek, Latin, and French patterns in affixes

Another dramatic trend was…

The Great Vowel Shift

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The Great Vowel Shift1400 to 1800Regional, not universalListen to present-day regional accents

Sounds produced in a different part of the mouth

Affected pronunciation of long vowels

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyyT2jmVPAk

TheoriesPush

Pull

Mixed

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Results

Inconsistent spelling

Regional dialects

Pronunciation and spelling don’t match

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Examplesbefore GVS after GVSshape sheephoose housebeet biteboat boot

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(GVS)

What else happened?

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Morphology in The Renaissance Period

(1) Disappearance of the “thou” pronoun thou you

Examples: thou hast = thou goest = thou dost = thou beest =

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Answers: thou hast = you have thou goest = you go thou dost = you do thou beest = you are

“Doubt thou the stars are fire;Doubt that the sun doth move;Doubt truth to be a liar;But never doubt I love.”William Shakespeare, Hamlet

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(2) The second person singular was marked with

-st or -est

Present Past

lovest -> love lovedest -> loved

makest -> make madest -> made

drivest -> drive drovest -> drove

knowest -> know knewest -> knew

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(3) The third person singular (present tense)(e)th shath hasdoth doesmaketh makes

A kind heart he hath

The lady doth protest too much

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(4) Increased use of Progressive form: to be + -ing

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Another significant historical development, the printing press

revolutionized written English

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A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English TongueJonathon Swift

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1. An academy to regulate usage

2. A national dictionary

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Samuel Johnson’s dictionary

englishLiterary OPULENCEWealth; riches; affluence"There in full opulence a banker dwelt,Who all the joys and pangs of riches felt;His sideboard glitter'd with imagin'd plate,And his proud fancy held a vast estate."-- Jonathan Swift

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift

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HumourousOats: a grain which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people

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Detailed"Turn" had 16 definitions, 15 illustrations"Take" had 134 definitions, running 8,000 words, over 5 pages

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Big•four volumes•10 inches tall• 21 pounds •would cost about £610 today

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The desire to standardize continues today

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn4zSR_5ioI

To hear Modern English, listen to the movie Mr. Turner

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn4zSR_5ioI

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Recent

The British Empire spread to America, Asia, and Africa

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Today’s English speakersenglish

increasing cross-cultural pollination

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Technology = New Vocabularyenglish

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Examplesback buttonbandwidth defrag

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Changessubjunctive form is rare, except in old expressions “Be that as

it may.”

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ChangesMore phrasal verbs

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ChangesMore phrasal verbs

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English as a World Language

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Between 1.5 to 2 billion people speak English

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English as a World Language

English is the symbol of globalization. The number of speakers is less important than its economic, technological, and culture power. David Crystal

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Translation has to be recognized. David Crystal

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Thank you

GRAMERCY

Þancung

Education

Modern english master