30
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Mongol Empire

Citation preview

Page 1: Mongol Empire

Genghis Khan

and the Mongol Empire

Page 2: Mongol Empire

2

Page 3: Mongol Empire

3

Page 4: Mongol Empire

4

Page 5: Mongol Empire

5

Page 6: Mongol Empire

6

Page 7: Mongol Empire

7

Page 8: Mongol Empire

8

Page 9: Mongol Empire

9

Page 10: Mongol Empire

10

Page 11: Mongol Empire

11

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_NPgMMazF4

Growth of Empire

Page 12: Mongol Empire

I. Introduction to the MongolsA. Mongols ended/interrupted many great postclassical empires

B. Extended world network – foundation for interaction on global scaleC. Forged mightiest war machineD. Four khanates – sons divided1. Ruled for 150 years2. Last time nomadic peoples dominated sedentary peoplesE. Paradox of rule – fierce fighters vs. tolerant/peaceful leadersF. Russia controlled by Khanate of Golden Horde

Page 13: Mongol Empire

II. The Mongol Empire of Genghis KhanA. Who were the Mongols?

1. Nomadic world – excellent horsemen & archersa. Lived on herds – meat, milk, traded hides for grain/vegetablesb. Children ride and use bow from early age2. Originated in Asian Steppe - Cen. Asian plains3. Political organizationa. Like Bedouins – kin/clan based – combined in confederations when needed 4. Traditional religion = Shamanism - animistic5. Unified 1st by Genghis Khan = Mongol Empirea. established capital at Karakoram = power shift to E.Asia

Page 14: Mongol Empire

III. Mongol Habit of Cultural Adaptation A. Mongols Borrowed Culture1. written lang. from Turks2. law code from China3. paper currency from China4. new religious beliefs = Buddhism + Islam + Christianity

Page 15: Mongol Empire

IV. The Mongol War MachineA. Genghis Khan’s leadership

1. organization, discipline, unity2. directed fighting spirit toward conquest

B. Tumens (divisions) = 10,000 men eachC. New weapons – flaming arrows, gunpowder, siege weaponsD. Superior tactics - trick enemy to attack; then surround & attack flanksE. Superior skills - Horsemanship and archery skills unmatchedF. Conquer from China to E. Europe G. Few areas out of reach - Mongol failures:

1. W. Europe2. Japan – failed twice3. NE. Africa - defeated by Mamluks4. India – Delhi Sultanate

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mongol_Empire_map.gif/300px-Mongol_Empire_map.gif

Page 16: Mongol Empire

16

Mongol Empire at death of Genghis Khan - 1227

Page 17: Mongol Empire

17

Expansion of Empire after Genghis Khan

Page 18: Mongol Empire

V. Impacts of the MongolsA. Silk Road trade reopened/revitalized

1. SR cities like Samarkand and Bukhara flourished2. International contacts increased

B. Pax Mongolica1. Single political authority across vast territory2. Many conquered peoples left to govern themselves3. Increased safety through Central Asia

C. Bubonic Plague “Black Death”1. Spreads west through Mongol world2. Devastates Asia and European pop.

Page 19: Mongol Empire

19

Black Death Spreads Across Mongol Empire to Europe

Page 20: Mongol Empire

20

Page 21: Mongol Empire

21

Page 22: Mongol Empire

22

The Geography of the Mongol Empire

1. Describe in detail the geographic extent of the Mongol Empire (map 1).

2. Which large regions of Asia generally escaped Mongol rule? Provide some possible explanation for each region (map 1

3. What role/s do you think the Steppes played in the creation of the Mongol Empire (map 2)?

4. Why do you think Japan avoided invasion? North Africa?

1. 2.

Page 23: Mongol Empire

23

Questions from Mongols Crash Course

1. How many years did it take the Mongol Empire to surpass the size of the Roman

Empire?

2. Sum up the explanation for the relative equality between Mongol men and women.

3. Which 2 innovations helped Genghis Khan consolidate/build his power?

4. Which Khanate controlled Russia?

5. Genghis Khan’s army was built on which two things?

6. Which trade route’s value and use reemerged because

of Mongol rule?

Page 24: Mongol Empire

24

Mongol Commerce in China and PersiaBriefly summarize (note form) Mongol

economic contributions in each region,

& create an image representing that

contribution.

Contribution: Image:

Contribution: Image:

Contribution: Image:Contribution: Image:

Contribution: Image:

Persia

China

Page 25: Mongol Empire

Yuan Dynasty

• Kublai Khan finished conquering the Song dynasty in 1276

– Launched two failed invasions of Japan

• New Social Hierarchy

– Mongols; foreigners; northern Chinese; Southern Chinese

• Ended exam system

• Favored merchants & peasants over elites

Page 26: Mongol Empire

26

Fall of Yuan Dynasty – End of Mongol rule

in China

- After Kublai Khan’s death

- Loss of focus on ruling

- White Lotus Sect leads successful

rebellion

- Rebel leader founds Ming Dynasty

Page 27: Mongol Empire

Overall Decline of the Mongols

• Mongols too few in number• Mongol rule resented• Increase use of firearms

Page 28: Mongol Empire

Yuan Social Policies

• Mongols could not settle in China

• Outlawed intermarriage

• Promoted Buddhism & supported Daoism

• Mongol women refused to adopt Chinese customs

– Retained influential status

– Resisted footbinding

Page 29: Mongol Empire

VI. Last of Mongol LeadersA. Timur – i lang = Timur or Tamerlane

1. Attempted to repeat conquests of G. Khan2. Conquered Cen. Asia, Persia, N. India, S. Russia + parts of Mid. East.3. Expansion ends with Timur’s death4. Decendents ruled Cen. Asia (Samarkand & Bukhara) until 1500’s

Page 30: Mongol Empire

30

Decline of Mongol

rule in China

Fall of Yuan

Dynasty

Uprisings and

protests among

Chinese

Scholars

Actions/efforts of

White Lotus Sect

Frequent

rebellions

against Mongol

rule

After Kublai

Khan’s death:

loss of focus on

ruling