Motivation and Learning

Motivation and LearningLets think for a moment---------Can a car run without fuel ?Can a radio play without electricity? &Can a man function without energy??

You all will have a comman answer NO &Finally , all behaviour requires the expenditure of energy.

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All our behaviour

requires the expenditure of energy.

What requires?What requires thinking?What requires emotions?What requires perception?What requires in studying?............... and so on

Energy is the comman requirement.

It must be taken in, if the organism is to survive.

To reach and to take in these fresh supplies of energy , the individual must often expend more.

you may have many examples.

A hungry man having less energy still more by walking few Km to find food.A student is studying more hours daily for passing in the exam.A father is working more hour for some money ,will need to take admission of his son . Now the question is..Why a hungry man , a students and a father is doing so?

The answer of question why .involves inone word ie. MOTIVATION.

All living organisms function like this: they must maintain a balance between energy expenditure and energy acquisition. living organisms maintain a reserve of energy

So ,every animal is driven by inner necessity to seek food, water and other essentials of life.The pressure to act is so strong that many psychologists use the term drives/motives.

In general.. whenever a person increases his output of energy in some form of behaviour ,a motive is involved.

Varieties of motives.1.Biological motives.. hunger ,thirst, sex , escape from pain.

2.Emotions. fear, anger , love ,hate ,curiosity 3.Social motives individuals interest ,values ,attitude ,patriotism ,attitude etc.

Types of MotivationTwo(2) types of motivation are..Natural/intrinsic

Unnatural/extrinsic

Characteristic of motivated behaviourIt cant be directly observed but in terms of their effects.In any activity we decide the what extent it is motivated :ENERGYPERSISTENCEVARIABILITY

Few DefinitionsMotivation is the super highway of learning.-Skinner.Motivation is the influence of general pattern of activity initiating & directing the behaviour of the organism..JohnsonMotivation is to create psychologicalCondition within the organism that deposes it to act in certain ways-----------Mc Dougal

Connection between Motivation & LearningTo increase learners interest.To encourage the participation of the learner.In the capturing and sustaining of attention.Achieving the objectives of learning , motivation requires.Proper incentives or reinforcement as motivation ,make learning easier.Healthy competition among the groups through motivation improves learning.

Essential ingredients to Motivation1. VALUE & 2. EXPECTANCY VALUE. Biological value needs for motives all wants to look or to be said good/smart ,good looking ,to maintain good physique , attraction towards opposite sex , wants to survive , safety needs ,always wants to eat good ,live good, proper rest etc.

Emotional value for motivation----- curiosity ,love ,praise , in the root of motivational behaviour.Social value for motivation------ All needs cooperation , love & wants to wok on good society parameter.Different interest area,attitude,aptitude for varied motivation.

Expectation-------- All wants a healthy body ,good looking face , good fooding , wearing good clothes on body.All seeks loveAll wants comfortTo be good in the societyGood identificationAll gives honor, respect and good value.All wants to improve their economic condition.

In fact Human goals usually show multiple motivation.An action may serve several motives simultaneously

A Basic Principle of Motivation.--- HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis : A Basic Principle

According to this principle ,energy mobilization begins when an inner equilibrium is disturbed and it continues until this equilibrium is restored.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATIONPrinciples of proper incentives and reinforcement.Principles of ensuring success.Principles of change &variety.Principles of active involvement.Principles of capitalizing on the needs and motivesPrinciples of readiness to learn.Principles of arousing and maintaining interestPrinciples of change and variety.Principles of providing proper feedback.

Contd. Principle of setting good examples and models Principle of maintaining mild level of anxiety.

Motivating students in classroomFor effective TLP , a teacher can make use of following motivational techniques.. Reward and Punishment.Praise and BlameCompetition and Co-operation.Success vs. Failure.Knowledge of progress

Novelty.Interest.Any role model.OTHER SOURCES---- social approval, dominance to overcome opposition to acquire to sex parental impulsesPictorial art,music,sculpture,literature etc.

Models for motivating studentsFocus attention on desired goals .Encourage positive motives.Provide incentives and punish,if necessary.Avoid high stress and dis-organisation.Use learning sets and Advance organisers.Help students to set and attain realistic goals.Create a warm, orderly atmosphere.