Mughal ottoman museum

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Akbar the Great Taj Mahal Mehmet II The Conqueror

Hagia Sophia

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The Ottoman and Mughal EmpiresThe Muslim World: 1450-1750

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Curator Information

Mr. Sill@sillworld

Smithtown High School West

Social Studies Teacher

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Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Lindsey Warneka under the direction of Dr. Christy Keeler during a Teaching American History grant module. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.

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Akbar the Great

“O God, in every temple I see people that seek you. In every

language I hear spoken, people praise you. If it be a mosque, people murmur the

holy prayer. If it be a Christian Church, they ring the bell for love of you… It is you whom I seek from temple to temple.”

Do Now: How did relations between Muslims and non-Muslims evolve over time? What would Akbar gain by taking this approach?

Do Now: How did relations between Muslims and non-Muslims evolve over time? What would Akbar gain by taking this approach?

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The Taj Mahal

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Hagia Sophia and Topkapi Palace

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Mehmet II: The Conqueror

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This painting depicts Babur in battle with Ibrahim Lodi, ruler of the Lodi Dynasty.

The 16th-century battles of Panipat, which took place 30 years apart, are little known in the West. But they were pivotal events in the making of the Mughal Empire as the dominant power of northern India.

An Illustration from the Baburnama, c. 1590-1593

Babur at the First Battle of Panipat, 1526

Do Now: Analyze this painting and compare how Babur and India are similar to Hongwu’s China and Nobunaga’s Japan.

Do Now: Analyze this painting and compare how Babur and India are similar to Hongwu’s China and Nobunaga’s Japan.

"By the grace of the Almighty God, this difficult task was made easy to me and

that mighty army, in the space of a half a day was laid in dust."

"By the grace of the Almighty God, this difficult task was made easy to me and

that mighty army, in the space of a half a day was laid in dust."

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• Military general who invaded and conquered Northern India

• Writer, loved music and art

• Did little to ___________ the empire – Son, Humayun, almost lost power

Babur (1526-1530)Founder of the Mughal Dynasty

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administer

Name of MuseumJesuits at Akbar’s Court

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Akbar constructed a special _________________ where he presided over intellectual discussion with representatives of many religions – Muslim, Hindu, Christian, Buddhist, Jewish, Jain, and Zoroastrian.

The Akbarnāma, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551-1602).

“House of Worship”

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Akbar the Great (1542-1605)

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Do Now: How did relations between Muslims and non-Muslims evolve over time? What would Akbar gain by taking this approach?Do Now: How did relations between Muslims and non-Muslims evolve over time? What would Akbar gain by taking this approach?

“The Hindus and idol-worshippers…now erected new idol temples in the city and… in opposition to the Law of the Prophet which declares that such temples are not to be tolerated. Under Divine guidance I destroyed these edifices, and I killed those

leaders of infidelity who seduced others into error…”

- Sultan of Delhi Firuz Shah (1351-1389)

“O God, in every temple I see people that seek you. In every language I hear spoken, people praise you. If it be a mosque, people murmur the holy prayer. If it be a Christian Church, they ring the bell for love of you… It is you whom I seek

from temple to temple.”

- Akbar the Great (1542-1605)

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• Accepted ______________ –

•Encouraged intermarriage

•Abolished ____ tax on non-Muslims

•Promoted Hindus to high gov’t positions

•Allowed Hindu temples to be built

•Ordered Muslims to respect _____

• The ________ attempted to Blend faiths

together and unite Hindus and Muslims

• Faith did not last after Akbar’s death

Religious Tolerance

Hinduism

Jizya

cows

Din-I-Ilahi

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•Akbar encouraged widow remarriage and prohibited the act of ______

•Akbar discouraged child marriages

•Encouraged special market days for women only, to help women trapped in _______, seclusion in their homes.

•Women could own land and they were paid salaries for their work

•Women were educated and they learned how to paint and write poetry

•Women could participate in business activities.

Social Reforms

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sati

purdah

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• Great military commander

• Expanded the empire to twice its size!

• Reformed government -

• Emperor had ___________ power

• Vazirs – royal officials who advised Emperor

•Mansabdari System – _____________ system that divided empire into small regions led by Mansabars (governors)

• ___________– anyone could gain high office

Akbar The Great Political SystemPolitical System

absolute

Bureaucratic

Meritocracy

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LegacyBack to Room 1

Akbar moved capital to Agra and built the Red Fort

in 1573

Akbar moved capital to Agra and built the Red Fort

in 1573

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“The Greatest Love Story of all Time!”

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Taj Mahal is regarded by many as the finest example of Mughal

___________ , combining elements from Islamic, Persian,

Ottoman Turkish and Indian architectural styles.

The Taj MahalBack to Room 2

• Took 22 years to complete (1631-1653)• The construction had a labor force of _____________• Over 1,000 elephants were used• 28 types of precious and semi- precious stones were used

Tomb of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz MahalTomb of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal

architecture

20,000 workers

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A Black Taj Mahal?

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Determine which group is most likely to dominate the Eastern Mediterranean and give three reasons why?

Determine which group is most likely to dominate the Eastern Mediterranean and give three reasons why?

Consolidation of PowerConsolidation of Power

Osman Bey: 1299-1326

•Osman led group of Turks in the Anatolian Peninsula.

•Expands power with superior _______.

•Attracts warriors by accepting others and giving them generous rewards!

•Osman led group of Turks in the Anatolian Peninsula.

•Expands power with superior _______.

•Attracts warriors by accepting others and giving them generous rewards!

military

Consolidation of PowerConsolidation of Power

•Creates capital city at Bursa and rules as a “____________________”

•Bursa becomes major commercial and intellectual center with inns, shops, schools, libraries and mosques.

•Used wealth to establish _____________ cavalry force equipped with heavy armor and financed by land grants!

•Creates capital city at Bursa and rules as a “____________________”

•Bursa becomes major commercial and intellectual center with inns, shops, schools, libraries and mosques.

•Used wealth to establish _____________ cavalry force equipped with heavy armor and financed by land grants!

Leader Among Equals

professional

Shift to Empire

Osman dies in 1326Osman dies in 1326

“The Ghazi is the instrument of the religion of Allah, a servant of God

who purifies the earth from the filth of polytheism; the Ghazi is the sword

of God, he is the protector and the refuge of the believers. If he

becomes a martyr in the ways of God, do not believe that he has died-

he lives in beatitude with Allah, he has eternal life.”

-Ahmadi, Poet

“The Ghazi is the instrument of the religion of Allah, a servant of God

who purifies the earth from the filth of polytheism; the Ghazi is the sword

of God, he is the protector and the refuge of the believers. If he

becomes a martyr in the ways of God, do not believe that he has died-

he lives in beatitude with Allah, he has eternal life.”

-Ahmadi, Poet

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What is the purpose of the Ghazi? How does this justify

the conquest of others?

What is the purpose of the Ghazi? How does this justify

the conquest of others?

Name of Museum Concerns about last of the Byzantine

EmpireI will slit the throat of the Bosporus and prevent anything from reaching

Constantinople!

I will slit the throat of the Bosporus and prevent anything from reaching

Constantinople!

Name of MuseumThe Rumeli Fortress The Rumeli Fortress

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RUMELI FORTRESS

The “Throat Slitter!”

“Throat Slitter!”“Throat Slitter!”

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Mehmet II’s Attack PlanMehmet II’s Attack Plan

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Dragging the ships on land to avoid the chain boom

Dragging the ships on land to avoid the chain boom

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Name of MuseumFATIH SULTAN

MEHMET II

Gentile Bellini (Italian, ca. 1429–1507)

How does this painting show the

combination of Western European

and Turkish Muslim traditions?

Name of MuseumThe Conquest of Constantinople in 1453

Name of MuseumThe Conquest of Constantinople in 1453

Fatih Sultan Mehmet IIBack to Room 3

The Conquest of Constantinople in 1453

Mehmet II

Mehmet II: 1444-1481- Called “The Conqueror”• 1453 – 80,000 soldiers laid siege to Constantinople

and conquered the Byzantine Empire.• Renamed city ____________and made it the capital.

Mehmet II: 1444-1481- Called “The Conqueror”• 1453 – 80,000 soldiers laid siege to Constantinople

and conquered the Byzantine Empire.• Renamed city ____________and made it the capital.

Canons – Gunpowder Empire

Istanbul

Sultan claimed the legacy of the Abbasid Empire as the protector of the faith, the Caliph.



“What a city we have given to plunder and destruction.”

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Name of MuseumIstanbul becomes new Islamic CapitalIstanbul becomes new Islamic Capital

The city and the buildings are mine, but I resign to your valor the captives and the spoil, the treasures of gold and beauty; be rich and be happy.”

The city and the buildings are mine, but I resign to your valor the captives and the spoil, the treasures of gold and beauty; be rich and be happy.” -Mehmet II, Speech to

Officers after conquestof Constantinople, 1453

-Mehmet II, Speech to Officers after conquestof Constantinople, 1453

How does this quote demonstrate the growing

power of Mehmet II?

How does this quote demonstrate the growing

power of Mehmet II?

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Name of MuseumTurns Hagia Sophia into a MosqueTurns Hagia Sophia into a Mosque

•Turns alter to face ____________

•Eventually covers up Christian mosaics and

icons

•Turns alter to face ____________

•Eventually covers up Christian mosaics and

icons

Mecca

Name of MuseumTurns Christian City into a Muslim City

•Added minarets, Islamic symbols and art•Mehmet II equates himself to _______________ as founder of New

Constantinople…. Istanbul

•Added minarets, Islamic symbols and art•Mehmet II equates himself to _______________ as founder of New

Constantinople…. Istanbul Constantine

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Now that Mehmet II has taken

Constantinople, what does

he need to do to create an Empire?

Name of MuseumIstanbul becomes new Islamic CapitalIstanbul becomes new Islamic Capital

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Name of MuseumHagia SophiaBack to Room 4