RENAISSANCEVíctor Acevedo González, nº1Lucía Allen Fano, nº3Iván Bueno Ferrero, nº7 2ºE.S.O. B

RENAISSANCE

• 14th to 17th century.• Started in Florence, Italy. • Cultural bridge that marked the start of the Early Modern Age.• Ancient Rome and Greece ideas reborned.

• Great intellectual and cultural movement: Humanism• “Humans are the centre of the Universe”

• “Do your best at Earth!”

Vitruvian Man,Leonardo da Vinci

La Gioconda,Leonardo da Vinci

Fractionary numbers,Christoff Rudolff

Thomas á KempisEl Quijote,Miguel de Cervantes

MUSIC

ARTLITERATURE PHILOSOPHY

SCIENCE

RENAISSANCE

• Before this period, the most important music was played by the Church.

• Renaissance -> Music expanded to nobles’ palaces.

• Music started to be considered an art form.

• Princes and dukes created chapels:• 15-20 musicians.• Leaded by the Kappelmeister.

MUSICAL RENAISSANCE

CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC:• JUST POLYPHONY!:• Counterpoint polyphony. • Homophonic polyphony.

• The rhythm was regular.• The beats were soft (except in dances).• Lyrics were very important.• Emphasize

• Equilibrium between voices.

MUSICAL RENAISSANCE

•MASS:• Musical form based on the

union of sacred texts•MOTET:

• Polyphonic composition without accompainment.• Doesn’t overlap different

lyrics.

• Most important composers:• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina• Orlando di Lasso (Italy)• Tomás Luis de Victoria & Cristóbal

Morales(Spain)

RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC

•PROTESTANT REFORMATION:• Germany 1519, Martin Luther

creates Protestantism.• Brought several changes to music:

• Music began to be written in German.• Chorale; the most important

protestant music genre.• Simple, four voice work.• Sung in German.• Homophony.

RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC

• Anglican Church -> ANTHEM Marthin Luther,“creator” of Protestantism.

•COUNTER-REFORMATION:• The Catholic church was worried

about internal fights.• Trent Council (1545-1563):

• The songs were written in Latin.• Any Secular theme was

forbidden.• Polyphony was simplified.

RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC

Pope Paul III, convener of the Council of Trent.

• Different in each area.

• ITALY (Madrigal):• Complex polyphony.• Sung by 4 to 5 voices.• Usually, was sung a capella.• Luca Marenzio & Claudio

Monteverdi.

• SPAIN (Villancico):• NOT RELATED TO

CHRISTMAS.• Sung in Spanish.• Juan del Enzina.

SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC

• Was being forgotten.• JUST to entertain people.

• PRESS INVENTION (~1440):

• Musicians printed and spread a great number of works.• Sheet music.• Music theory books.

• Anyone might get involved in music world.

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

• Scores based on vocal works:• In the beginning -> Sung by several voices.• Later -> Adapted for instruments.

• Scores based on improvisation:- Were improvised with a written reference.- Were invented as the music was playing.

• Scores written for being danced:• Sung by four voices.• Generally homophonic.

• Basse danse• Pavane• Galliard• Allemande• Courante.

FRANCO-FLEMISH SCHOOL:• Nowadays Netherlands and France.• Josquin des Prez & Orlando di Lasso.

• Whole Europe’s polyphonic music improvement.

SPANISH SCHOOL:• Deep and dramatic music.• Cristóbal De Morales & Tomás Luis de Victoria.

EUROPEAN SCHOOLS

Cristóbal de Morales,Spanish school

VENETIAN SCHOOL:• VERY IMPORTANT for Music History.

• Its innovations introduced marked the end of Mussical Renaissance.

• Beginning of the BAROQUE.

• Considered to be the creator of music for two or more choirs.

• Adrian Willaert (Creator of the school) & Claudio Monteverdi.

EUROPEAN SCHOOLS

Adrian Willaert,Creator of Spanish school