Are we prepared?

What are Natural Disasters?

Natural DisastersNatural Disasters are disasters that occur in this world naturally.

Natural disasters can happen at any location at any time throughout the universe.

Natural disasters can destroy cities, or sometimes a whole country if it is that severe.

They can occur on land, in the water, and with the weather.

The World is always changing.

Natural disasters are changes which are so great they may cause damage to the shape of the land or to the lives of people and other living things.

Great changes happen deep inside the Earth and on its surface. The changes on the outer part of the Earth happen because of different kinds of weather.

Disaster Database Avalanche Earthquakes Tornados Cyclone

AvalancheAn Avalanche is a movement of snow, ice and rock down a mountainside. Avalanches happen very suddenly and can move as fast as a racing car up to 124mph.

Avalanches can be caused by –

snow melting quickly

snow freezing, melting then freezing again

someone skiing

a loud noise or an earth tremor

what is an avalanche? a falling mass of snow and/or ice a mass-wasting process

› analogous to debris flows or mudslides a natural hazard - threat to life and

property an expression of earth system

complexity

Why do we care? recreation

› ski areas› backcountry

transportation› highways› railroads

communities/structures avalanches are cool

Westwide Avalanche Network

types of avalanches loose snow (point release) slab

› soft slab› hard slab

distinction based on snow cohesiveness

can be wet or dry snow

slab avalanche terminology

Starting zone

Track

Runout zone

terrain trap

precipitation addition of mass to the snowpack rate of addition is important

stress vs. strength

stress

strength

gravity

θ

compression

θ

wind

temperature changes in temperature can affect

snow stability› change during storms› rapid warming› metamorphism

effects

HENDERSON MOUNTAIN, COOKE CITY, MTFebruary 4, 1992

Earthquakes Earthquakes are caused by

the release of built up pressure caused by the shifting of tectonic plates

Earthquakes usually occur on fault lines, or areas where tectonic plates meet

The size of an earthquake is measured using the logarithmic based Richter scale An aerial view of the San

Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain, Central

California

Earthquake An earthquake is a violent shaking of the

ground. Sometimes it is so strong that the ground splits apart.

When parts of the earth, called plates, move against each other giant shock waves move upwards towards the surface causing the earthquake.

Global Earthquake Locations

EarthquakesNatural Disasters

2004 West coast of Sumatra(Indonesia),9.1 Magnitude, 227.898 People died

EarthquakesNatural Disasters

2008 Eastern Sichuan (China)7.9 Magnitude, 87.587 People died

EarthquakesNatural Disasters

2010 Haiti,7.0 Magnitude, 222.570 People died

EarthquakesNatural Disasters

1999 Gölcük / Kocaeli, 7.8 Magnitude, 17.480 People died

EarthquakesNatural Disasters

Worst Natural Disaster

Earthquakes

I believe that earthquakes is the worst natural disaster to experience.

Destruction

Scientists haven’t find out when earthquakes going to happen and still working on it.

Earthquakes that has a magnitude of 6 or higher could be deadly and could be a major earthquake.

Earthquakes could cause buildings and objects to collapse and take many, many lives.

Earthquakes is the worst natural disaster to experience, no doubt about it.

Earthquakes- The shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the Earths surface.

- Usually last for less than one minute.

- Effects very large areas.

- Earthquakes are very unpredictable.

Mike-Campbell, “Badly Damaged building in the CBD” September 6, 2010 via Flickr. Creative Commons Attribution and No Derivative Works License.

EarthquakesSigns of an earthquake:

- The ground shakes. - Shelves begin to shake.

- Objects begin to sway. -There is a slight rumble sound.

The Richter Scale (0-9) Under 4= little to no damage, Above 6=major damage

Seismograph

EarthquakesWhat to do in an earthquake:

1. Drop to the floor.

2. Find cover under table or in a doorway.

3. Hold on through the shaking.

4. Remain where you are until told all is safe.

Tornados• A tornado is defined as a violently

rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground

• Tornados are found in almost every part of the world

• Tornados are most common in the United States, just east of the Rocky Mountains in an area called Tornado Ally

• Waterspouts are weak tornados over water and can move inland and become tornados

Click on Image to View a Tornado Chaser’s

Video

Tornedoes Tornadoes can happen when there is a

thunderstorm. The color of tornadoes ranges from shades of gray, shades of brown, and white. Some times they are not that visible to see.

A tornado is a dangerous rotating column of air which is connected to the surface of the earth and a clod. It destroys anything it touches in its path.

Tornadoes are extremely destructive funnel-shaped rotating column of air that passes in a narrow path over land.

Tornadoes can come in many sizes and shapes. The usual shape of a tornado is a funnel, which is seeable and is narrow end touches the earth’s surface.

- Funnel-shaped clouds that develop mostly during thunderstorms.

- Speeds can reach 300 mph.

- Damage can be up to 1 mile wide and 50 miles long.

Tornadoes

Tornado Alley:

IowaSouth DakotaNebraska ColoradoKansasOklahomaTexas

Tornadoes

On the News:Tornado Watch: Tornadoes are possible, continue on as normal, but stay tuned in for updates.

Tornado Warning: A tornado has been spotted, take appropriate cover.

Tornadoes

Tornado Formation

The Supercell

Tornado forms here

Tornado Facts Tornados can occur almost anywhere in the world Duration: a few minutes Diameter (Avg.): 0.4 km Length of path (Avg.): 6 km Funnel can travel from 0 mph up to ~70 mph, usually

travels at 30 mph 99% of all tornados in Northern Hemisphere rotate

counterclockwise Texas is #1 for frequency of tornados per year Between 1950 and 1995 Texas had 5,722 recorded

tornados Risk of death in a tornado in Texas: 1 in 1,054,267 Texas cost per person per year for tornados: $3.94

When Tornados Occur Anytime of the year- usually

in the spring, summer, and fall

Most tornados occur during late spring in the month of May

Between the late afternoon and early evening is when most tornados are spawned

The most dangerous time for formation during evening hours

A typical late afternoon tornado

Tornado Damage

Tornados mainly cause damage by picking up something and throwing it through the air or hurling objects against something

A 20-ton trailer blown off U.S. 30; it bounced 5 times

A pick-up truck caught in the path of a tornado

Cyclone

A Cyclone is a fierce storm with storm winds that spin around it in a giant circle. During a cyclone trees can be uprooted, buildings can be destroyed and cars can be overturned.

CYCLONE They are powerful, spinning storms

which form over warm tropical waters and reach wind speeds over 120 km/hr.

When it moves and crosses over land, it brings with it heavy rain and high velocity winds.

EFFECTS OF CYCLONES Torrential rain that can cause flooding

Extremely strong winds that carry debris that can be lethal

Damage buildings and property

Destroy crops

Capsize boats at sea

Deaths due to drowning

Infrastructure destroyed

Effects of cyclones

Cyclones

A cyclone is a large-scale storm system with heavy rain and winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere around and toward a low pressure center.

Cyclones have also been seen on other planets other then the Earth, such as Mars, and Neptune.

Some deadly cyclones that happened before are the Bhola cyclone in Bangladesh in 1970, the India cyclone in India in 1839, the Calcutta cyclone in India in 1737, and the Bangladesh cyclone in Bangladesh in 1991.

Thank You For Your Attention!

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