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OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE 5 th CENTURY - 1066

Old english literature

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Page 1: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

5th CENTURY - 1066

GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

1 RD RIZAL FAUZAN NASHERUDIN KUSUMAH (4G)2 RAHMAT NURHIDAYAT (4G)3 DEARA ANUGRAH SANJAYA (4G)4 DINI NOVIANI (2D)5 MIRA (2D)6 DESY (2D)7 TOMMY AMIN SANTOSO (2D)

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO

1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN

ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)

bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)

OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO

THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN

AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING

THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 2: Old english literature

GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

1 RD RIZAL FAUZAN NASHERUDIN KUSUMAH (4G)2 RAHMAT NURHIDAYAT (4G)3 DEARA ANUGRAH SANJAYA (4G)4 DINI NOVIANI (2D)5 MIRA (2D)6 DESY (2D)7 TOMMY AMIN SANTOSO (2D)

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO

1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN

ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)

bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)

OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO

THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN

AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING

THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 3: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO

1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN

ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)

bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)

OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO

THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN

AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING

THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 4: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO

1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN

ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)

bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)

OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO

THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN

AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING

THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 5: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO

1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN

ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)

bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)

OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO

THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN

AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING

THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 6: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO

THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN

AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING

THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 7: Old english literature

WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT

BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE

BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 8: Old english literature

AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS

THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE

ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 9: Old english literature

AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES

CHRISTIANITY

AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH

CHRISTIANITY

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 10: Old english literature

AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN

THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS

BORN

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 11: Old english literature

AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON

ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 12: Old english literature

AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM

BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES

OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 13: Old english literature

AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN

ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED

GREAT IS BORN

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 14: Old english literature

AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES

ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 15: Old english literature

AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

BECOMES KING

EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 16: Old english literature

AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD

HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14

OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES

KING

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 17: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH POETRY

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 18: Old english literature

Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old

English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is

written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a

scop and accompanied by a harp

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 19: Old english literature

Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 20: Old english literature

CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY

bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius

bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 21: Old english literature

Old English poetry and the oral tradition

The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 22: Old english literature

Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality

Horner

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 23: Old english literature

Why Study

Beowulf

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 24: Old english literature

Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way

The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 25: Old english literature

In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there

Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English

Itrsquos a great story

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 26: Old english literature

Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know

Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed

The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 27: Old english literature

Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place

bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 28: Old english literature

Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet

Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 29: Old english literature

Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet

A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 30: Old english literature

Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard

metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc

uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes

eci dryctin or astelidaelig

he aerist scop aelda barnum

heben til hrofe haleg scepen

tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard

eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig

firum foldu frea allmectig

Terjemahan

Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi

kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya

karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi

mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat

Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci

pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu

Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi

Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada

bumi bagi manusia

--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 31: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 32: Old english literature

Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth

century But sometimes it also partly contained the

characteristics of poetry It was influenced by

Latin the language of the church and the educated

It consisted of factual historical and religious

writings

OLD ENGLISH PROSE

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 33: Old english literature

King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful

King Alfredrsquos Works

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 34: Old english literature

Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede

King Alfred

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 35: Old english literature

Later Annals and Religious Writings

The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 36: Old english literature

In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 37: Old english literature

Aelfric And Wulfstan

Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 38: Old english literature

Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 39: Old english literature

OLD ENGLISH DRAMA

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 40: Old english literature

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 41: Old english literature

Old script in Egyptian period

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 42: Old english literature

amphitheatre

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 43: Old english literature

+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 44: Old english literature

Stage of old romans theater

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 45: Old english literature

Restosation age in england

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 46: Old english literature

bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 47: Old english literature

bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London

bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 48: Old english literature

William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance

Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon

Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)

Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall

Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney

parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 49: Old english literature

bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays

bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly

bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art

bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered

bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages

bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 50: Old english literature

What makes different

Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari

dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan

ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain

anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita

1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman

1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan

perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan

1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah

mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain

wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan

masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan

1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di

gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron

sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton

1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU
Page 51: Old english literature

THANK YOU

THANK YOUTANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
  • OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
  • Slide 6
  • WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • OLD ENGLISH POETRY
  • Slide 26
  • Elegiac poetry
  • CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
  • Old English poetry and the oral tradition
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
  • Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • OLD ENGLISH PROSE
  • Slide 42
  • King Alfredrsquos Works
  • Slide 44
  • Later Annals and Religious Writings
  • Slide 46
  • Aelfric And Wulfstan
  • Slide 48
  • OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • What makes different
  • THANK YOU