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Study and design of the OMR evaluation system

OMR Design And Evaluation System

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Page 1: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Study and design of the OMR evaluation system

Page 2: OMR Design And Evaluation System

AN Overview

• What is a scanner..?• Technologies related with it..• Basic introduction and principle related to OMR..• Classification of image…• Requirements of OMR..• OMR Scanner and its components..• Total process of checking sheets..• OMR software• Major OMR software manufacturers..• OMR Sheets..• Advantages and Disadvantages of OMR..

Page 3: OMR Design And Evaluation System

What is a Scanner??....

• Scanner(Image scanner) is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting etc. and converts it to a digital image. • Very useful in fields of:

1. industrial design2. Reverse engineering3. Test and measurement4. Orthotics5. Gaming6. And many other applications.

Page 4: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Technologies Used In A Scanner..…

• OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)– The OMR technology allows user to read the

checkboxes.

• OCR (Optical Character Recognition)) – Very effective in recognizing the printed data.

• ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition)– Very effective in recognizing handwritten documents.

Page 5: OMR Design And Evaluation System

BASIC DIFFERENCES….

Page 6: OMR Design And Evaluation System

What is OMR ?-A Basic Introduction…• Stands for Optical Mark recognition.• It is type of technology which helps in capturing

human marked data from document forms.• Has various applications like correcting tests and

assignments, Community surveys, Consumer surveys and many others.

Page 7: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Basic Principle Of An OMR

It works on the principle of identifying thedarker tone on the sheet and thendifferentiating it from the lighter tone(blankspace) on that sheet. The answers to thequestions or the required data is stored in anexcel sheet. .Then the answers are verified from this sheet and final score is generated.

Page 8: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Confusion Between Optical Mark Reader And Recognition..

Optical mark Recognition can be referred as the

technology which is responsible for all this process whereas the Optical Mark Reader is the device which is used for scanning the hand marked documents.

OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION OPTICAL MARK READER

Page 9: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Classification Of ImageThere can be many ways of classifying image like:• On basis of color:

1. Colored image2. Black And White Image

• On basis of motion1. Static image(Photograph)2. Image sequence(Video)

• On basis of tone

1. Binary(two -tone image)2. Gray level (grey-tone) image

The OMR classifies the image on the principle of binary tone.

On basis of color

Page 10: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Black and White Images

Types of Black and white images are:1. BINARY IMAGEIt can be considered as an image where only single tone, black and white colors are used that is only 0 and 1 in electronics language.

2. Gray Level ImageThey are images in which various tones are used ranging from 0-255. 0 being black and 255 being white. Every pixel in image has some tone.

Page 11: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Binary Image

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

As we know Binary Image consist of only 2 single tone black and white colors, hence, they are composed of only 0 and 1. The pixels in which 0 is entered are white and in which 1 is present are black. Below is an example of a binary image present in pixels.

0 1

Page 12: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Grey Level Image

In this image every pixel has some tone of greycolor and hence has some value ranging from 0-255. Below is an example of a picture with tones.

0 255

Page 13: OMR Design And Evaluation System

What Does An OMR Machine Requires..? • OMR scanner Basically required to scan the OMR sheets and create a

document.

• OMR software Required to process those scanned sheets and finalize the

result.

• OMR sheets Sheets on which the marks are made and further scanned.

Page 14: OMR Design And Evaluation System

OMR Scanner…• The hardware structure for an OMR

scanner can be divided into following:1. Basic structure2. Power supply3. Mechanism transmission4. Main board5. Operation panel

STRUCTURE OF OMR

Page 15: OMR Design And Evaluation System

BASIC STRUCTURE

• Body base, bracing board, top cover, bottom cover and back cover are basic components. Following is there installation:

1. Power supply and mechanism transmission are installed in the body base.

2. Operating panel is installed on the right side of the body base.

3. Bracing board is installed on body base.4. Main board is installed in the bracing board.5. Read head is in the front of the bracing board.6. Top cover can prevent the dust and strong light.

Page 16: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Basic StructureThe Basic design of basic structure inside scanner is as follows:

BODY BASE OPERATING PANEL

MECHANISM TRANSMISSIONS

POWER SUPPLY

MAIN BOARD

BRACING BOARD

READ HEAD

TOP COVER

CONNECTED

INSTALLEDINSTALLED

INST

ALLE

D

CONNECTE

D

INSTALLED

Page 17: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Power Supply• It adopts a switch power installed in the OMR. • Supplied with alternating current AC 100V-

240V,50-60Hz generating output 12V and 5V.• Most important unit as it supplies the power to

the basic structure in scanner.

POWER ADAPTER FOR OMR SCANNER POWER SUPPLY TERMINAL IN OMR SCANNER

Page 18: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Mechanical Transmission

The part is made up of:1. sheet rubbing and feeding motor2. input stackers3. rubbing part4. sheet separating and feeding part5. sheet throwing part and output stacker

OUTPUT STACKERMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

INPUT STACKER

Page 19: OMR Design And Evaluation System

• The function is to deliver sheets through photoelectric sensors one by one smoothly and finally place them in the output stacker.

• It can be considered as an input wing as it separates the sheets and then sends them further.

• The sheets are then scanned.

STACKER USED BY A FUJITSU OMR SCANNERA MULTI STACKER OMR SCANNER

Page 20: OMR Design And Evaluation System

MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

Following is the mechanical transmission inside a scanner which helps in separating a sheet.

Page 21: OMR Design And Evaluation System

MAIN BOARD (CORE PART)

• Installed in the bracing board.• Controls two motors of rubbing and feeding and

control the read head to collect signals.• Transforms the analog signals into data signals. • Can deal with data and recognize the forms ’

mode. • Receives the operation command and transmits

the results into computer.

Page 22: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Main Board Structure

1. LST interface of D route 2. read head interface3. RS232 interface 4. USB interface5. FPGA chip 6. DSP chip7. motor interface 8. operation panel interface9. power supply interface 10. Read head B interface

MAIN BOARD OF OMR 43/50 SERIES PRODUCT

Page 23: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Operational Panel

• The operation panel consists of 3 indicator lights and “STEP” button for sheets throwing.

• Red light “POWER” shines means power on. • yellow light “ONLINE” shines means the

connection is good between OMR and computer. • green light “MOTOR” shines means the OMR

motor is working. • The “STEP” button is used to throw out the sheet

that when the paper is jammed.

Page 24: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Operational Panel

STEP

POWER

MOTOR

ONLINE

OPERATION PANEL IN OMR

Page 25: OMR Design And Evaluation System

What is an OMR Software..?

• It can be understood as a basic software which performs the actual task of checking the scanned sheets and creating the result.

• The OMR softwares are of types:-1. Which can only analyze the scanned sheets of a

particular format.2. Which can analyze as well as design the format of

OMR sheets according to requirement.

Page 26: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Going Along With the Process…

STEP1: First of all the sheets are fed in the scanner. The

scanner used is ADF scanner i.e., Automatic Document Feeder Scanner. The documents are scanned and stored as digital images. Now, the software comes into role.

PUTTINGSHEETS INSCANNERAND SCANNING

Page 27: OMR Design And Evaluation System

STEP 2: Once, the

documents are scanned, the software is opened with the sample window as shown here.

Page 28: OMR Design And Evaluation System

STEP 3: Then the captured

data is browsed and then exported using Export Data button.

Page 29: OMR Design And Evaluation System

STEP 4: Once the data

has been extracted, we get a message box indicating CSV file has been saved.

Page 30: OMR Design And Evaluation System

STEP 5:As soon as the OK button is clicked the Excel sheet appears comprising of final result , name, details, corrected questions etc.

Page 31: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Under The Hood….

• Flattening of Images – Image Cleanup, Invert, Noise Removal

• Filtering the Blobs (Spots) with wrong aspect ratio, wrong co-ordinates, and wrong size.

• Identification of Location of blocks as per coordinate system

• Division of blocks into as many equal parts as there are options

• Conversion of Image to binary• The darkest block is compared with other

blocks and if a remarkable difference exists between the two sub divisions, the darker one is recorded as "Marked"

Page 32: OMR Design And Evaluation System

MAJOR OMR SOFTWARE MANUFACTURERESACROSS THE GLOBE

• ABBYY-Flexi Capture• Accusoft Pegasus- SmartScan Xpress• Avon- Remark Office• Ogami Corp.-Ogami OMR• Gravic,Inc.-Remark Office OMR • Kofax-Kofax Capture• Newgen-Omni Extract• Oracle-Oracle Scan• EB Strada-Formreturn

ABBY’s FLEXICAPTURE

EB STRADA’S FORMRETURN

Page 33: OMR Design And Evaluation System

OMR Sheets

• Are 257-364mm long and 182-257mm wide approximately.

• Thickness of the sheet is 90kg-110kg for 1,000 sheets.

• They have excellent optical and mechanical characteristics.

DESIGN OF ANOMR SHEET

Page 34: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Why are they special…?

In concrete:a) The paper must be white in colour with high

opacity.b) The paper must be smooth finish with little

gloss and with as few spots as possible;c) Fluorescent material must not be mixed in the

paper as it causes fluctuation in the reflection in a certain spectral band.

Page 35: OMR Design And Evaluation System

A Sample OMR sheet…

Page 36: OMR Design And Evaluation System

How It Performs The Task..?

1. Stores the images of scanned sheets in a folder using a Scanner.

2. Name of folder specified in GUI.3. Marked bubbles by the consumer or user

checked and stored in excel spreadsheet.4. Scanning process never affects the evaluation of

marked regions or preparation of result in any way.

Page 37: OMR Design And Evaluation System

One Discrete Component-Marking Ink

• In case of printing in the clear zones created around the marking areas, it is necessary to use dropout colours, which the OMR does not recognize as marks.

• Light blue-based and light red-based colours are available as dropout colours.

• The drop-out colour has the PCS value of 0.15 or less which is calculated by the following expression:

PCS = (RW - RP) / RW• RW: Rate of the reflection of the white part• RP : Rate of the reflection measuring point

Page 38: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Simplifying The steps…

We just have to scan those sheets and save that document in a folder and specify the location of folder in GUI and the whole data comprising of students details which has been scanned will be saved in an excel spreadsheet. Then the sheets are checked using the answers specified in an excel sheet.

Page 39: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Advantages of OMR…Why OMR?

• Resources such as computer, scanner are used which are easily available, easy to handle and use.

• Reliable – Accuracy (100%)• Good processing speed• Reduces manual work to around 80%.

NO MORE MANUAL WORK

Page 40: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Focusing On Price and Efficiency…

The prices of OMR machines and frequency ofsheets scanned is directly proportional to each other. Below are some:PRICE RANGE FREQUENCY(SHEETS/MIN)

• 2000-4000/- 2• 5000-8000/- 10-15• 40000-90000/- 40-80• 2 Lacs and Above 80-100

Page 41: OMR Design And Evaluation System

Few Drawbacks…

• Adapted for use for OMR sheets of a particular format.

• OMR machines are big machines typically of the size of a Xerox machine.

• Quite expensive as already discussed.• Sometimes Requires technical know-how

when stuck.

EXPENSIVE REQUIRES KNOW HOW WHEN STUCK

Page 42: OMR Design And Evaluation System

SUMMING UP…..

Optical mark recognition is a very effective Technology almost used in every field. It has occurred as a boon for our society. I hope we realize its importance and try to develop it further……

CHECKING SHEETS NO LONGER A PROBLEM

Page 43: OMR Design And Evaluation System

THANKS FOR KEEPING SO LONG!!!!!!!

SUBMITTED BY:

MRIDUL SINGH RAWAT B120010243NIKITA DUTTA B120010260RAMITPAL SINGH B120010320SAHIL B120010345