View
1.213
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
It was the Very First Presentation Of Ours.... Hope will be useful 2 u....
Citation preview
Study and design of the OMR evaluation system
AN Overview
• What is a scanner..?• Technologies related with it..• Basic introduction and principle related to OMR..• Classification of image…• Requirements of OMR..• OMR Scanner and its components..• Total process of checking sheets..• OMR software• Major OMR software manufacturers..• OMR Sheets..• Advantages and Disadvantages of OMR..
What is a Scanner??....
• Scanner(Image scanner) is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting etc. and converts it to a digital image. • Very useful in fields of:
1. industrial design2. Reverse engineering3. Test and measurement4. Orthotics5. Gaming6. And many other applications.
Technologies Used In A Scanner..…
• OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)– The OMR technology allows user to read the
checkboxes.
• OCR (Optical Character Recognition)) – Very effective in recognizing the printed data.
• ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition)– Very effective in recognizing handwritten documents.
BASIC DIFFERENCES….
What is OMR ?-A Basic Introduction…• Stands for Optical Mark recognition.• It is type of technology which helps in capturing
human marked data from document forms.• Has various applications like correcting tests and
assignments, Community surveys, Consumer surveys and many others.
Basic Principle Of An OMR
It works on the principle of identifying thedarker tone on the sheet and thendifferentiating it from the lighter tone(blankspace) on that sheet. The answers to thequestions or the required data is stored in anexcel sheet. .Then the answers are verified from this sheet and final score is generated.
Confusion Between Optical Mark Reader And Recognition..
Optical mark Recognition can be referred as the
technology which is responsible for all this process whereas the Optical Mark Reader is the device which is used for scanning the hand marked documents.
OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION OPTICAL MARK READER
Classification Of ImageThere can be many ways of classifying image like:• On basis of color:
1. Colored image2. Black And White Image
• On basis of motion1. Static image(Photograph)2. Image sequence(Video)
• On basis of tone
1. Binary(two -tone image)2. Gray level (grey-tone) image
The OMR classifies the image on the principle of binary tone.
On basis of color
Black and White Images
Types of Black and white images are:1. BINARY IMAGEIt can be considered as an image where only single tone, black and white colors are used that is only 0 and 1 in electronics language.
2. Gray Level ImageThey are images in which various tones are used ranging from 0-255. 0 being black and 255 being white. Every pixel in image has some tone.
Binary Image
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
As we know Binary Image consist of only 2 single tone black and white colors, hence, they are composed of only 0 and 1. The pixels in which 0 is entered are white and in which 1 is present are black. Below is an example of a binary image present in pixels.
0 1
Grey Level Image
In this image every pixel has some tone of greycolor and hence has some value ranging from 0-255. Below is an example of a picture with tones.
0 255
What Does An OMR Machine Requires..? • OMR scanner Basically required to scan the OMR sheets and create a
document.
• OMR software Required to process those scanned sheets and finalize the
result.
• OMR sheets Sheets on which the marks are made and further scanned.
OMR Scanner…• The hardware structure for an OMR
scanner can be divided into following:1. Basic structure2. Power supply3. Mechanism transmission4. Main board5. Operation panel
STRUCTURE OF OMR
BASIC STRUCTURE
• Body base, bracing board, top cover, bottom cover and back cover are basic components. Following is there installation:
1. Power supply and mechanism transmission are installed in the body base.
2. Operating panel is installed on the right side of the body base.
3. Bracing board is installed on body base.4. Main board is installed in the bracing board.5. Read head is in the front of the bracing board.6. Top cover can prevent the dust and strong light.
Basic StructureThe Basic design of basic structure inside scanner is as follows:
BODY BASE OPERATING PANEL
MECHANISM TRANSMISSIONS
POWER SUPPLY
MAIN BOARD
BRACING BOARD
READ HEAD
TOP COVER
CONNECTED
INSTALLEDINSTALLED
INST
ALLE
D
CONNECTE
D
INSTALLED
Power Supply• It adopts a switch power installed in the OMR. • Supplied with alternating current AC 100V-
240V,50-60Hz generating output 12V and 5V.• Most important unit as it supplies the power to
the basic structure in scanner.
POWER ADAPTER FOR OMR SCANNER POWER SUPPLY TERMINAL IN OMR SCANNER
Mechanical Transmission
The part is made up of:1. sheet rubbing and feeding motor2. input stackers3. rubbing part4. sheet separating and feeding part5. sheet throwing part and output stacker
OUTPUT STACKERMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
INPUT STACKER
• The function is to deliver sheets through photoelectric sensors one by one smoothly and finally place them in the output stacker.
• It can be considered as an input wing as it separates the sheets and then sends them further.
• The sheets are then scanned.
STACKER USED BY A FUJITSU OMR SCANNERA MULTI STACKER OMR SCANNER
MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
Following is the mechanical transmission inside a scanner which helps in separating a sheet.
MAIN BOARD (CORE PART)
• Installed in the bracing board.• Controls two motors of rubbing and feeding and
control the read head to collect signals.• Transforms the analog signals into data signals. • Can deal with data and recognize the forms ’
mode. • Receives the operation command and transmits
the results into computer.
Main Board Structure
1. LST interface of D route 2. read head interface3. RS232 interface 4. USB interface5. FPGA chip 6. DSP chip7. motor interface 8. operation panel interface9. power supply interface 10. Read head B interface
MAIN BOARD OF OMR 43/50 SERIES PRODUCT
Operational Panel
• The operation panel consists of 3 indicator lights and “STEP” button for sheets throwing.
• Red light “POWER” shines means power on. • yellow light “ONLINE” shines means the
connection is good between OMR and computer. • green light “MOTOR” shines means the OMR
motor is working. • The “STEP” button is used to throw out the sheet
that when the paper is jammed.
Operational Panel
STEP
POWER
MOTOR
ONLINE
OPERATION PANEL IN OMR
What is an OMR Software..?
• It can be understood as a basic software which performs the actual task of checking the scanned sheets and creating the result.
• The OMR softwares are of types:-1. Which can only analyze the scanned sheets of a
particular format.2. Which can analyze as well as design the format of
OMR sheets according to requirement.
Going Along With the Process…
STEP1: First of all the sheets are fed in the scanner. The
scanner used is ADF scanner i.e., Automatic Document Feeder Scanner. The documents are scanned and stored as digital images. Now, the software comes into role.
PUTTINGSHEETS INSCANNERAND SCANNING
STEP 2: Once, the
documents are scanned, the software is opened with the sample window as shown here.
STEP 3: Then the captured
data is browsed and then exported using Export Data button.
STEP 4: Once the data
has been extracted, we get a message box indicating CSV file has been saved.
STEP 5:As soon as the OK button is clicked the Excel sheet appears comprising of final result , name, details, corrected questions etc.
Under The Hood….
• Flattening of Images – Image Cleanup, Invert, Noise Removal
• Filtering the Blobs (Spots) with wrong aspect ratio, wrong co-ordinates, and wrong size.
• Identification of Location of blocks as per coordinate system
• Division of blocks into as many equal parts as there are options
• Conversion of Image to binary• The darkest block is compared with other
blocks and if a remarkable difference exists between the two sub divisions, the darker one is recorded as "Marked"
MAJOR OMR SOFTWARE MANUFACTURERESACROSS THE GLOBE
• ABBYY-Flexi Capture• Accusoft Pegasus- SmartScan Xpress• Avon- Remark Office• Ogami Corp.-Ogami OMR• Gravic,Inc.-Remark Office OMR • Kofax-Kofax Capture• Newgen-Omni Extract• Oracle-Oracle Scan• EB Strada-Formreturn
ABBY’s FLEXICAPTURE
EB STRADA’S FORMRETURN
OMR Sheets
• Are 257-364mm long and 182-257mm wide approximately.
• Thickness of the sheet is 90kg-110kg for 1,000 sheets.
• They have excellent optical and mechanical characteristics.
DESIGN OF ANOMR SHEET
Why are they special…?
In concrete:a) The paper must be white in colour with high
opacity.b) The paper must be smooth finish with little
gloss and with as few spots as possible;c) Fluorescent material must not be mixed in the
paper as it causes fluctuation in the reflection in a certain spectral band.
A Sample OMR sheet…
How It Performs The Task..?
1. Stores the images of scanned sheets in a folder using a Scanner.
2. Name of folder specified in GUI.3. Marked bubbles by the consumer or user
checked and stored in excel spreadsheet.4. Scanning process never affects the evaluation of
marked regions or preparation of result in any way.
One Discrete Component-Marking Ink
• In case of printing in the clear zones created around the marking areas, it is necessary to use dropout colours, which the OMR does not recognize as marks.
• Light blue-based and light red-based colours are available as dropout colours.
• The drop-out colour has the PCS value of 0.15 or less which is calculated by the following expression:
PCS = (RW - RP) / RW• RW: Rate of the reflection of the white part• RP : Rate of the reflection measuring point
Simplifying The steps…
We just have to scan those sheets and save that document in a folder and specify the location of folder in GUI and the whole data comprising of students details which has been scanned will be saved in an excel spreadsheet. Then the sheets are checked using the answers specified in an excel sheet.
Advantages of OMR…Why OMR?
• Resources such as computer, scanner are used which are easily available, easy to handle and use.
• Reliable – Accuracy (100%)• Good processing speed• Reduces manual work to around 80%.
NO MORE MANUAL WORK
Focusing On Price and Efficiency…
The prices of OMR machines and frequency ofsheets scanned is directly proportional to each other. Below are some:PRICE RANGE FREQUENCY(SHEETS/MIN)
• 2000-4000/- 2• 5000-8000/- 10-15• 40000-90000/- 40-80• 2 Lacs and Above 80-100
Few Drawbacks…
• Adapted for use for OMR sheets of a particular format.
• OMR machines are big machines typically of the size of a Xerox machine.
• Quite expensive as already discussed.• Sometimes Requires technical know-how
when stuck.
EXPENSIVE REQUIRES KNOW HOW WHEN STUCK
SUMMING UP…..
Optical mark recognition is a very effective Technology almost used in every field. It has occurred as a boon for our society. I hope we realize its importance and try to develop it further……
CHECKING SHEETS NO LONGER A PROBLEM
THANKS FOR KEEPING SO LONG!!!!!!!
SUBMITTED BY:
MRIDUL SINGH RAWAT B120010243NIKITA DUTTA B120010260RAMITPAL SINGH B120010320SAHIL B120010345