PLANT PLANT KINGDOMKINGDOM

Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells Have cell walls Have cell walls

made of cellulosemade of cellulose Autotrophic – Autotrophic –

Photosynthetic Photosynthetic Adapted to nearly Adapted to nearly

every environment every environment on earth.on earth.

Sexual and Sexual and asexual asexual reproductionreproduction

ClassificationClassification

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

Have tissues that Have tissues that make up a make up a system that system that carries water, carries water, nutrients and nutrients and other substances.other substances.

Non-vascular Non-vascular PlantsPlants

Have no vascular Have no vascular tissue and tissue and substances are substances are transported transported through the cell through the cell walls.walls.

Seedless plantsSeedless plants Seedless nonvascular Seedless nonvascular

plantsplants

Liverworts and mosses Liverworts and mosses (Bryophytes).(Bryophytes).

- small, 2 – 5 cm in height.small, 2 – 5 cm in height.- Have stalks and leafy Have stalks and leafy

green growths.green growths.- Have rhizoids.Have rhizoids.- Pioneer species.Pioneer species.- Reproduce by spores.Reproduce by spores.

Seedless plantsSeedless plants

Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants

Ground Pines and Spike Ground Pines and Spike MossesMosses

-Reproduce by Reproduce by spores.spores.-Spores produced Spores produced in cones.in cones.-Needlelike leaves.Needlelike leaves.

Spike Mosses

Ground Pines

Seedless plantsSeedless plants

Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants

HorsetailsHorsetails- Reproduce by sporesReproduce by spores- Stem structures.Stem structures.- Vascular tissue forms Vascular tissue forms

rings.rings.- Spores produced in a Spores produced in a

conelike structure at the conelike structure at the tips of the stem.tips of the stem.

Seedless plantsSeedless plants

Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants

FernsFerns- Reproduce by spores.Reproduce by spores.- Largest group of Largest group of

seedless vascular seedless vascular plants.plants.

- Spores are formed in Spores are formed in round structures on the round structures on the back of the leaves or in back of the leaves or in a separated stem.a separated stem.

Seed plantsSeed plants

- Vascular Tissue :Vascular Tissue :Xylem:Xylem: Transports Transports water and dissolved water and dissolved substances from the substances from the roots up to the leaves.roots up to the leaves.

Have roots, stems, leaves and vascular Have roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissue.tissue. Seeds contain an embryo and stores food.Seeds contain an embryo and stores food.

Phloem:Phloem: Transports food Transports food from where is made to from where is made to other plants of the plant.other plants of the plant.

Seed plantsSeed plants

- StemStem

Supports the structures, allows movement of Supports the structures, allows movement of materials. materials.

Can be herbaceous or woody.Can be herbaceous or woody.- RootsRoots

Moves substances up to the stems, anchor Moves substances up to the stems, anchor plants, store food (carrots).plants, store food (carrots).

- LeavesLeaves

Trap light and produce food.Trap light and produce food.

Have Have stomatastomata to exchange gases and water. to exchange gases and water.

Seed plantsSeed plants

Gymnosperms:Gymnosperms:- ““naked seed” the naked seed” the

seed is not protected seed is not protected by a fruit.by a fruit.

- Divided in four Divided in four groups. The most groups. The most common is the common is the conifers conifers ..

- Examples: Pines, Examples: Pines, spruces.spruces.

Seed plantsSeed plants

Angiosperms:Angiosperms:- Flower and produce Flower and produce

fruits containing the fruits containing the seed.seed.

- Monocots and dicots- Monocots and dicots- Examples: Palms, Examples: Palms,

Garden flowers, Cacti, Garden flowers, Cacti, Grains, Vegetables.Grains, Vegetables.

MonocotsMonocots- Have one cotyledon Have one cotyledon

(seed leaf inside a (seed leaf inside a seed)seed)

- Roots as fibers. Roots as fibers. - Leaves with parallel Leaves with parallel

veins.veins.- Flower parts in Flower parts in

multiples of 3. multiples of 3. - Vascular tissue Vascular tissue

spread.spread.- Examples: Lilies, Examples: Lilies,

corn, rice, oats, corn, rice, oats, palms, wheat .palms, wheat .

DicotsDicots- Have two cotyledons (seed Have two cotyledons (seed

leaf inside a seed)leaf inside a seed)- Thicker roots. Thicker roots. - Leaves with branched veins.Leaves with branched veins.- Flower parts in multiples of Flower parts in multiples of

4 or 5. 4 or 5. - Vascular tissue in a ring. Vascular tissue in a ring. - Examples: Daisies, oak, Examples: Daisies, oak,

tomato, carrot, cactus, tomato, carrot, cactus, roses.roses.