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Presentation on plagiarism prevention and detection addressed to nurse educators. Presented by Heather Collins, MLS and Crystal Cameron-Vedros, MLS
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Plagiarism
Crystal Cameron-Vedros, MLSHeather Collins< MLS
A.R. Dykes Library
May 7, 2012
Plagiarism
A CHILD
STUDENT
MIND
PAPER
Is not a vase to be filled, but a fire to be lit.
-Francois Rabelias
Objectives
1. Understand what plagiarism is
2. Context and culture of plagiarism
3. Prevention
4. Technology tools and their limitations
Plagiarism
Use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work.
-Random House Dictionary 1995
Plagiarius
Can you translate this Latin term?
Plagiarism
The Latin word, plagiarius, means kidnap or plunder. Plagiarism is kidnapping in the academic sense.
-Plagiarism: a how-not-to guide for students, 2009
Plagiarism
It is ethically wrong to falsely pass off information as your own.
Plagiarism
Using work from another source and not citing the source.
Not putting quotation marks around a quotation.
Providing false information about where a quotation was derived: fabricating.
Reworking the words but keeping the exact same structure.
Claiming others’ works to be yours.
Copyright Infringement
Using the intellectual property of others without seeking permission.
Even by citing your source and giving attribution to the creator, copyright infringement can be claimed if the owner chooses to file a complaint.
Fair Use
Fair use offers a set of guidelines with which the courts can refer when judging a copyright infringement claim.
Go here foe a commonly used Fair Use Checklisthttp://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/fair-use/fair-use-checklist/
Plagiarism vs. Copyright
PlagiarismExample:
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
–Crystal Cameron-Vedros, May 1, 2012
Copyright
http://motherboard.vice.com/2012/1/16/copyright-king-why-the-i-have-a-dream-speech-still-isn-t-free
Consequences of Plagiarism
Are there levels of consequences depending on the severity of plagiarized content?
Is eating a grape in the grocery store equal to stealing a car in the parking lot?- Blum, Susan D. My
Word! Plagiarism and college culture, Cornell University Press, 2009.
Read a review of this book here http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/02/03/myword
KUMC Policies
Faculty
Guidelines for Dealing with Allegations of Scientific and Other Scholarly Misconduct
-Handbook for Faculty and Other Unclassified Staff, p. 189 http://www2.kumc.edu/aa/fa/pdf/Handbook.pdf
Students
Expectations for Conduct: I will not plagiarize the work of others and will be precise in attribution of authorship and the work of others.
-KUMC Student Handbook http://www.kumc.edu/studenthandbook/graduate.html
Campus Need Assessment
Robust reporting and corrections system for student plagiarism?
What’s “Not-to-Get”?
Why is plagiarism misunderstood?
Why do students and faculty and researchers plagiarize?
Culture Pressure to get published
In a hurry, don’t have time
Pressure to get promotion and tenure
Pressure to get a good grade
Pressure to hand in the paper and move on
Faculty Cautions
Assigning student papers intended to support your research, w/o attribution
Mining bibliographies of students, w/o attribution
Having others do leg-work (lit reviews, background research)
Acknowledge co-authors (e.g. IR, TLT, other faculty/staff, librarians, GTAs, students, patients, etc.)
Culture
In our digital environment, students are open to sharing and don’t think of giving attribution.
Culture
Students are used to downloading music and movies
Students are used to brief twitter-sized snippets (w/o attribution)
Students are used to posting quotes on social media without attributing the source
Culture
International students don’t always understand U. S. intellectual property laws.
It can be challenging for international students to write with command of the English language, making paraphrasing difficult.
What can librarians and faculty do?
Changing the Culture
Where do values, integrity, ethics come from?
“The very spring and root of honesty and virtue lie in good education.”
-Mestrius Plutarchos (Plutarch)
Changing the Culture
Values & Integrity Professional Personal Cultural
Ethics and perspective Meaning Philosophy
Professionalism
Faculty
WritingInfo Literacy
Faculty
ContentFaculty
Administration
Changing the Culture
Why are we here? Your $ Your Future Your Growth Your Knowledge
Photo: Julianne Villaflor www.ennailuj.tk Creative Commons- attributionhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/ennailuj/4942058449/
Changing the Culture
Academic Communication How it works Why it exists Various functions How to participate Value of research and writing in nursing
Antibiotics of Plagiarism
ReflectionMetacogniti
onMastery
Belonging
Independence
ResponsibilityAccountability
Socratic TeachingInquiry vs
Direct Instruction
PRIDE OWNERSHIP Inquisitiveness
Antibiotics of Plagiarism
Self-efficacyApplicationSimulation
Context
ModelingEmpowerm
entPositivity
Professionalism
AccountabilityAccurateness
MEANINGRELEVANCE
ENTHUSIASM INTEGRITY
Writing Skills for Avoiding Plagiarism Paraphrasing means more than just rewording something you’ve read.
Paraphrasing means that you are restating something you’ve read.
Restating something you’ve read requires you to use quotations when you are using the exact
words of another writer.
Make sure your quotes don’t exceed the fair use guidelines.
Use longer quotes when the content provides something you can’t: a well-turned phrase, an expert opinion or statement.
At the end of your restatement, attribute the original source according to the writing style manual
assigned by your instructor.
Your research paper should be a combination of paraphrasing and your own original ideas about
the topic.
When in doubt, cite!
Good and Bad5-6 Page Research Paper on Nursing Theorist , 3 sources
Regurgitation Heavily covered on
Allnurses.com Common topic,
common assignment
PBL –Applying X Theory, IPE Care Map, 5 sources per student, literature review
Show knowledge of theory
Cite theory Apply, Evaluate Collaborate (peer-
review) Show work (lit review)
Blooms TaxonomyEvaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Bloom, B.S. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives, Vol.1: The cognitive domain. New York: McKay.
1) Assignment Design1. Discipline, course, content specific
2. PBL
3. Unique assignment criterion
4. Facilitate each step, NO GAPS*Access * Technology *Knowledge
5. Devote graded class time to projects
6. Process-based (revision, documentation)
7. In-depth
8. Chunk it out
9. Communication
10. Inquiry, not regurgitation
11. Creativity and originality
12. Change syllabi regularly
From Robins, A. Integrating writing into your course. University of Wisconsin, Madison Retrieved from http://mendota.english.wisc.edu/~WAC/page.jsp?id=141&c_type=category&c_id=24
2) Formal/Informal Assessment
1. Reflection, reflection, reflection course ----self ----- project(s)
2. Monitor in-class work
3. Know each student’s name
4. Peer-review, group work
5. Content knowledge
6. CMS metrics
3) Collaboration
1. Small group size
2. Social media
3. Information literacy
4. Digital literacy
5. Writing Lab (KU Lawrence)
6. Orient yourself to the curriculum- concurrent and prior course assignments
7. Interprofessional collaborations
Chasing Plagiarism Google, Google Scholar, Google Books Search
“quotations” (usually near the top) Amazon Wikipedia Allnurses.com Nearest resources- textbooks, the other items cited Classmates’ citations CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Nursing searches (first
results, abstract searches)
Caveats to Plagiarism Prevention
Policing Approach with detection software
Policy Handbook Violation Approach
These law enforcement approaches can instill fear rather than teach writing and citing skills, ethics and integrity.
Reviews of Plagiarism Detection Software
SafeAssign-KU main campus licenses this product via Blackboard. http://writing.ku.edu/~writing/instructors/safeassign.shtml
KUMC does not currently license any plagiarism detection software
Reviews of Plagiarism Detection Software
Plagiarism Checker Tests, 2009-2010 http://
www.plagiarismtoday.com/2011/01/13/plagaware-takes-top-honors-in-plagiarism-checker-showdown
False Positives in detection softwarehttp://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/03/13/detect
Citation Management Software
EndNote, Zotero, RefWorks, Mendeley Hyperlinks to fulltext Integrates and promotes citation Helps students organize and use citations Only as good as the user Is not a magic bullet
Writing “Services”Paper Mills and Fee- Based Writing Services may be seen as legitimate businesses
Some may view the payment for writing papers to be a work-for-hire and therefore ethical.
Community answer board- All Nurses.com
Writing “Services”
Exposé from a burned-out “Shadow Scholar”Dante, Ed. The Shadow Scholar: the man who writes your students’ papers tells his story. Chronicle of Higher Education. November 12, 2010http://chronicle.com/article/The-Shadow-Scholar/125329/
“With respect to America's nurses, fear not. Our lives are in capable hands —just hands that can't write a lick.
Nursing students account for one of my company's biggest customer bases. I've written case-management plans, reports on nursing ethics, and essays on why nurse practitioners are lighting the way to the future of medicine.
I've even written pharmaceutical-treatment courses, for patients who I hope were hypothetical.”
Contact Info
Crystal Cameron-Vedros [email protected] 913-588-7916
Heather Collins [email protected] 913-588-7330
References Blum, S. D. (2010). My word!: Plagiarism and college culture. Cornell University Press. Dante, E. (2010, November 12). The shadow scholar. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/The-Shadow-Scholar/125329/ Gilmore, B. (2009). Plagiarism: A how-not-to guide for students. Heinemann. Lampert, L. D. (2008). Combating student plagiarism: An academic librarian’s guide
(Chandos Series for Information Professionals) (1st ed.). Neal-Schuman Publishers. Sutherland-Smith, W. (2008). Plagiarism, the internet, and student learning: Improving
academic integrity (1st ed.). Routledge. Vicinus, M., & Eisner, C. (Eds.). (2008). Originality, imitation, and plagiarism: Teaching
writing in the digital age. University of Michigan Press.
Supplemental Information
The following slides were not used in this presentation but offer supplemental information.
Writing “Services”
YouTube testimonials of the magic of essay writing services. http://www.youtube.com./watch?v=HKkO_KMLX3M
Some Prominent Plagiarism Scandals
April, 2012 President of Hungary resigned after allegations of plagiarism in his Doctoral thesis.
Stephen Ambrose, historian and writer
Doris Kearns Goodwin, historian and writer
Quiz
Have students turn in permalink or copies of each paper in the bibliography.
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
A. STRONG
A. MEDIUM
B. WEAK
Quiz Have students create a literature review and include:
*their search strategies
*locations of resources *Coverage of topic(s) in the literature
*search results *keywords, subject headings
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
A. STRONG
A. MEDIUM
B. WEAK
Quiz
Challenge students in a group to observe a clinic, pinpoint a nursing intervention (missing or present). Write a PICO question, search for EBP literature, and report on best practice.
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
A. STRONG
A. MEDIUM
B. WEAK
