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Women in Modernization:Britain and China SUN Yingci (09051651) David CHOW (08037221) LU Ran (08050066)

Pols 3620 women mobility

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Women in Modernization:Britain and China

SUN Yingci (09051651)

David CHOW (08037221)

LU Ran (08050066)

In this presentationIn this presentation

• Waves of Fashion Physical Mobility

economic capital, cultural capital ( education), human capital, etc.

Social Mobility

Women’s Social Participation

SUN (09051651)

Definition Definition

• Physical mobility: the ability of humans to move around their environment

• Social mobility: the movement of people in a population from one social class or level to another.

• vertical mobility -- from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marrying;

• horizontal mobility -- movement from one position to another within the same social level

SUN (09051651)

From Victoria era—1910s To 1920s

• Let’s start with the

stereotype of ‘beauties’

back in the Britain then.

Those beauties…

Victoria Era

1910s

1920s

Time of those beauties in

• Victoria era: traditional, man-dominant society

• 1910s: still under deep influence of Victoria Era but changes were being born

• 1920s : Industrialization, ‘feminization’ of some labor-intensive industry

SUN (09051651)

Physical Mobility Victorian era-1910s

• women’s duty to make herself beautiful

(modesty, natural beauty innocence, elegance)

• They had quite some “beautiful aids”

SUN (09051651)

Physical Mobility: beauty aids

• M.Trielty's Nose Shaper

Corset

Physical Mobility: beauty aids

• Evolves from the late 1860s • First (1870s) and Second Bustle

(1880s) Period • The bustles is heavier, more

complicated decorated in the 2nd period

Fallpers in the roaring 1920s

In the 1920s, a new woman was born.

She smoked, drank, danced, and voted.

She cut her hair, wore make-up, and went to petting parties.

She was giddy and took risks. She was a flapper.

Physical Mobility: 1920s

• a new corset which created an S bend to the figure

• The dresses are more stylish and walker-friendly though still decorated in a complicated manner, so that cage-like bustles are no longer necessary

• More importantly, cosmetics, sports dress, working attire began to emerge in scale.

SUN (09051651)

Physical Mobility: 1920s

Social Mobility: 1920s

• Machine. PeriodInd. Rev

Women compete w/men for jobs

More labor saving devices & birth of consumer society

Liberalism---should also apply for women

Cosmetics ad.

More women in ‘female’ jobs as teachers, sectaries

Women pursue univ. education

Suffrage movement to get vote

More sports, social life, less confining fashion

WWI: wm more essential

Women at home: consumers, social issue involvers

SUN (09051651)

II. Women in China from late Ching

(1890s) to 1920s Ching Dynasty The Republic of China (1920s)

VS

CHOW (08037221)

Physical Change of Woman in China

Physical mobility

Social mobility

CHOW (08037221)

1. Shoes

VS

CHOW (08037221)

1. Shoes

Disadvantages:1.The shoes have limited the physical

distance that Women are able to walk

CHOW (08037221)

2. Hair Style

VS

2. Hair Style

• Disadvantages: 1.Take a long time to prepare the hair

before going out2.The long hair will take up long time

to manage

3. Decoration1. A Westernization as shown in the

photo of hat2. Glasses ,Hat and dress from the

West

Social Mobility: 1. WesternizationWomen adopted a Western Culture in

some big city, like Shanghai, Guangzhou

The actress/ Celebrities/Advertisements set a new style/ model of change to show the meaning of “Modern Woman”

2. Reformed Old tradition1. Some old tradition in Chinese Context is preserved

2. Simplified cheongsam became a fashion

3. Some traditions were abolished

CHOW (08037221)

3. End of Feudal rule

3. End of feudal rule

Free MarriageFree Marriage

Women EducationWomen Education

CHOW (08037221)

III. Contributors to Women’s Physical and Social Mobility

LU (08050066)

Modernization theory

• Changes produced by modernization:

- Women’s self-image (Lerner 1958)- How men view women’s roles and

status (Inkeles and Smith 1974)

LU (08050066)

Contributors to female emancipation

• Industrialization and Employment • Education • Family planning • Political rights

LU (08050066)

1. Women in the workforce

Britain China

Industrialization 1900s

Anti-capitalismInitiated by the state

2. Education

Britain China

Elementary Education Act (1870)Conservativeness

Liang Qichao, “On the Education of Women” (1897)National strength1954 Constitution

3. Family planning

Britain China

Birth control Spontaneous movements

Abolition of polygamy Marital rightsBirth controlState feminism

4. Political rights

Britain China

WWI Japanese invasion

Shared goal: National salvation

The End