The Foundation

of Knowledge

ConceptsKnowledge & Knowing

foundation of good critical thinking ability to acquire, process, create meaning, and utilize

knowledge

Intelligence vs. ThinkingIntelligence – how we are wired.

Thinking – how we use our intelligence.

Intelligence Intelligence is an adaptation – Jean Piaget, Child

Psychologist

Problem Solving & Practical Skills• To reason logically• To identify connections• To see all aspects of a problem• To take an interest• To keep an open mind

Verbal Ability• Speaking clearly & articulately• Being knowledgeable about a subject and conversing

well• Reading widely and studying hard

Social Competence• Ability to accept others for what they are• Admitting mistake• Having social conscience

The Theory of Multiple Intelligences

1. LINGUISTIC / VERBAL 2. LOGICAL/ MATHEMATICAL – ability to solve math problems3. SPATIAL- ability to perceive the world accurately4. MUSICAL – ability to perceive & create musical information5. BODY – KINESTHETIC – the control of body motion & ability to

handle objects6. INTRAPERSONAL – ability to know one’s own feelings7. INTERPERSONAL – ability to understand others’ feelings &

motives

by Harvard University’s Howard Gardner

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Analytical

Internal knowledge from formal education

Displays the ability to critically think &

problem solve

Creativeinsight

synthesis

Ability to react to novel stimuli

internal world connects to external

world

Practical

Grasp, understand, and solve real life

problems

How to relate to the external world

by Yale University’s Robert S. Sternberg

STANFORD – BINET--measures judgment,

comprehension, & reasoning-- IQ (Intelligence Quotient) – 100

as the median score

APTITUDE TEST

WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE

STERNBERG MULTIDIMENSIONAL ABILITIES

TEST

LITERACYFunctional Literacy-ability to operatewithin the demandsOf our environment

Information/Reference Literacy- informationgrowth of theinternet

Media Literacy – ability to manage what we watch, read, & listen to

Cultural Literacy – encompasses history, philosophy, and art.

THE GUILFORD MODEL OF THINKINGCOGNITION – the recognition of information/data in its various forms

-- awareness, understanding, comprehension of information

MEMORY – the process of associating the new cognitions with old cognitions that’s already in one’s memory bank

DIVERGENT – alternatives & options based on the cognitions already in PRODUCTION storage

- seeks quantity, creativity, flexibility - process where critical thinking relies heavily on

CONVERGENT – producing conclusions from the alternativesPRODUCTION - decision making stage - success is dependent on the number of alternatives available

JUDGMENT – making elevations about the final outcome arrived at as a result of one’s convergent production - correctness, goodness, rightness, consistency

Patterns of Thinking

CRITICAL THINKING PROCESSHORIZONTAL THINKING PROCESS

VERTICAL THINKING PROCESS

LOGICAL THINKING PROCESSEMOTIONAL THINKING PROCESS

CRITICAL THINKING KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

INTELLECTUALLY CURIOUS

OPEN- MINDED

AVOID “RED-HERRINGS

USE ANECDOTES EFFECTIVELY

LEARN TO HANDLE CONFUSION

ABLE TO CONTROL EMOTION

SENSITIVE TO THE NEED OF OTHERS

MIGHT BE TRUE VS. WOULD LIKE TO BE TRUE

ADMIT TO NOT KNOW

SEEK A DIALOGICAL APPROACH TO THEARGUMENT PROCESS