1. A Dividing Nation Chapter 20 Could a nation born in freedom endure half-slave and half-free?

2. Confronting the Issue of Slavery In 1819, the number of slave states and free states stood at 11 apiece 3. Free States Free states: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts New Hampshire, Vermont, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois 4. Slave States Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama 5. Questions about Missouri Congress questioned whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave state As a slave state, it would spread slavery into the Louisiana Territory 6. Issue 1: Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state Northerners favored/opposed this because Southerners favored/opposed this because 7. Issue 2: The Tallmadge Amendment proposed that Missouri be admitted as a free state Northerners favored/opposed this because Southerners favored/opposed this because 8. On your own Given these two issues, create a compromise that satisfies northerners of southerners. 9. The Missouri Compromise Missouri entered the Union as a slave state Maine entered the Union as a free state Congress drew an imaginary line across the Louisiana Territory at latitude 3630 Slavery was permitted south of that line and prohibited north of it 10. The Missouri Compromise North of the line, slavery banned forever, except in Missouri South of the line, slavery permitted 11. The Missouri Compromise Unravels Because of slavery, southerners threatened to secede, or withdraw from the Union Northerners felt that slavery was a crime against humanity a great evil. 12. Issue 1:Abolitionists wanted to stop slavery in Washington, D.C., but Congress refused to consider anti-slavery petitions. Northern abolitionists were pleased/angered because Southerners were pleased/angere d because 13. Issue 2: Some northerners assisted fugitive slaves. Northerners tolerated/condemned this practice because Southerners tolerated/condemned this practice because 14. Issue 3: The Wilmot Proviso stated slavery would not be allowed in the Mexican Cession Northerners favored/opposed this amendment because Southerners favored/opposed this amendment because 15. Issue 4: California applied for admission as a free state Northerners favored/opposed admitting California as a free state because Southerners favored/opposed admitting California as a free state because 16. On your own Given these four issues, create a compromise that satisfies northerners and southerners. 17. The Compromise of 1850 California was admitted as a free state New Mexico and Utah were organized as territories open to slavery The slave trade was ended in Washington, D.C. A strong fugitive slave law was passed 18. The Fugitive Slave Law A fugitive is a person who flees or tries to escape from slavery. Under this law, any person arrested as a runaway slave had no legal rights. It also stated that those who helped a slave escape could be jailed. 19. Fugitive Slave Law The North was against this law and refused to support it. The assistance or help that northerners gave the escaped slaves caused hard feelings for southern slaveholders. 20. Slave Auction 21. Uncle Toms Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote this novel after experiencing a vision that detailed the horrors of slavery 22. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin Uncle Toms Cabin turned millions of people against slavery Abraham Lincoln commented to Stowe, So youre the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war 23. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska The Missouri Compromise was removed, allowing slavery in the north 24. Popular Sovereignty Left it up to the settlers themselves to vote on whether to permit slavery in Kansas and Nebraska Popular Sovereignty is rule by the people Northerners were outraged because they did not want slavery and it violated the Missouri Compromise 25. Bloodshed in Kansas The struggle over slavery turned violent on May 21, 1856 Pro-slavery vs. Anti-slavery John Brown, an abolitionist, got revenge by dragging 5 men who supported slavery and hacked them to death with swords 26. The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom when his master took him to Wisconsin, where slavery was illegal 27. The Dred Scott Decision The United States Supreme Court ruled against Scott because African Americans, whether slave or free, could not become American citizens 28. Dred Scott Decision As a result of the Dred Scott decision, slavery allowed in all territories (yellow states) 29. Issue 1: The Fugitive Slave Law caused bitterness between North and the South Northerners were satisfied/dissatisfied with the way the Fugitive Slave Law was enforced because Southerners were satisfied/dissatisfied with the way the Fugitive Slave Law was enforced because 30. Issue 2: The book Uncle Toms Cabin told the story of a slave and his master. The book was popular/unpopular in the North because The book was popular/unpopular in the South because 31. Issue 3: The Kansas-Nebraska Act stated that the issue of slavery in those territories would be decided by popular sovereignty. Both pro- slavery and anti-slavery forces rushed to the territories to vote Northerners were pleased/unhappy about the act because. Southerners were pleased/unhappy about the act because. 32. Issue 4: The Dred Scott case. Scott was a slave who believed his trip to Wisconsin made him a free man. Northerners probably believed he was a free/still a slave because . Southerners probably believed he was free/still a slave because 33. On your own Recommend a ruling to the Supreme Court on the Dred Scott case that satisfied northerners and southerners. Your ruling must address these issues: Was Scott a citizen with the right to sue in federal court? Did Scotts visit to Wisconsin make him a free man? Can Congress ban slavery in the territories? 34. The Dred Scott Decision Scott could not sue for his freedom in a federal court because he was not a citizen, nor could any African American ever become an American citizen Scotts stay in Wisconsin did not make him a free man because the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Congress cannot ban slavery in the territories 35. Issue 1: During the Lincoln-Douglass debates, positions regarding slavery were made clear Lincoln, representing the opinion of the North, felt slavery was a legal/moral issue because Douglas, representing the opinion of the South, felt that slavery was a legal/moral issue because 36. Issue 2: John Brown attacked the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to get weapons for a slave rebellion. Some northerners upset/reassured southerners after Browns raid because Southerners were unconcerned/fearful about Browns raid because 37. Issue 3: In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president Northerners were happy/unhappy about the election because Southerners were happy/unhappy with the election because 38. On your own Given these three issues, create a compromise that satisfied northerners and southerners and can save the Union. 39. Secession South Carolina and six other states seceded from the Union South Carolina fired on Fort Sumter (first shots)