3. Questionnaire Results:Questionnaire Results:MOST
RELEVANTMOST RELEVANTINFORMATIONINFORMATION Answered by students
aged 16/17 60% female students 76% are living with their parents
88% learned about migration at school. 85% consider its important
to learn about migration. Only 10 out of 378 students at Turgalium
Schoolare immigrants. Most of them from Eastern Europeand South
Amrica. They have never feltdiscriminated at school
4. 68% answered that there are people of their towns thathave
emigrated Most Spanish students consider that people are
stillarriving in Spain from other countries and that its hard
forimmigrants to find a job in Spain. 84% have a good relation with
immigrant students. 34%very good. All of them show a positive and
friendly attitude towardsimmigrants and 75% have never witnessed an
act ofdiscrimination, but in a conflict situation 70% would
solvethe problem by walking away.
5. Many people from ruralareas migrated toWestern Europe.In the
90s Spainbecame a receptor ofpopulation generating aprocess of
great socialand economic impact.The economic crisis in2008 made
Spain losepopulation again.
6. XIXth centuryRural exodusto Western
EuropeReasonsEconomicRecessionThe 90sreceptor of
populationECONOMICIMPACT2008The Crisis beganLoss of population
7. GOING TO AGOING TO ABETTER FUTUREBETTER
FUTURE(1950-1975)(1950-1975)
8. 1.Causes:1.Causes:1.1 Traditionalmigrations:-People go to
the city to work.1.2 Temporarymigrations:-Country life
increased.-Agrarian crisis.-Industrial crisisin 1975.
9. 1.3 Interiormigrations:-Migrations of young people tothe
city.-Interurban Migrations to work.-Back to rural areas.
10. 2.MIGRANTS DESTINATION2.MIGRANTS DESTINATION Spanish
migrantswent to Germany,France, Switzerland,Holland, Belgium
andUnited Kingdom. The migrants whowent to Europe camefrom
Andaluca,Extremadura, Galicia,Castilla y Len
andCastilla-LaMancha.-Main migration flows in Europe
(1950-1975).
11. Boarding of Galician emigrants from A Coruato countries
such as Cuba, Mexico, Argentinaor Venezuela to have a better
socioeconomicfuture.Families who embarked on boats from Spanish
portsto go somewhere else better.
12. 3.3. PROFILE OF MIGRANTS.PROFILE OF MIGRANTS.Most migrants
were:-Males.-Adult/young.-Unskilled peasants(agricultural
laborers).-Spanish immigrant in The Bayern steamboatgoing to Buenos
Aires (Argentina) .
13. 4.IMPACTS OF MIGRATIONS.4.IMPACTS OF MIGRATIONS.4.1
Positive consequences:-Cultural or political homogeneity.-Decrease
of population pressure onresources.-Investment from remittances
sent bymigrants.-Increased productivity in the countryof
emigration.-Increased product sales in other countries.-Relief by
overcrowding problems.
14. 4.2.Negative consequences:4.2.Negative
consequences:-Decrease in revenue.-Political diversity.-Ageing of
population.-Decrease in schooling.-Old people in the village losing
young people young due to migrations.
15. 5.EXTREMADURA5.EXTREMADURA5.1. INTERIOR MIGRATIONS:The
mismatch between population and resources in a ruralregion without
technology was the reason for the mass emigrationof people in
Extremadura, trying to look fora job in such regions as Madrid,
Cataluaand Pas Vasco.5.2. EXTERIOR MIGRATIONS:The great exodus of
55.000 Extremeosto France, Switzerland and Germany tookplace during
this period.
16. Sira and Inma interviewed theirgrandparents about the
characteristics ofmigrations after 1950 in two differentvillages
and the results were:Return to the PastReturn to the Past
17. AldeacenteneraAldeacenteneraDestination:Destination:-In
Spain: Oviedo,Bilbao, Madrid andBarcelona.-Out of
Spain:Switzerland, FranceGermany andArgentina.Current
SituationCurrent Situation::-Few people born andyoung people
areunemployed and theyleave their villages togo to the cities or
toother countries.Age:Age:-They left at 30 andreturned at
60(pensioners).Shops:Shops:Shops are bigger thanbefore and these
havemore products.Streets:Streets:-Pablo Neruda.-Alonso de
Pineda.
18. ALDEACENTENERA
19. ZORITAZORITA Names of streets:Names of streets:-Before:
General Francoand now: Avd. de laConstitucin. Shops:Shops:-There
were threegroceries one shoe shopand one hardware. Health
centreHealth centre::Doctors hadnt officesand they went to
theirpatients.Foodstuffs from abroad:Foodstuffs from
abroad:-Chocolate from U.S.A. andSwitzerland
.Immigrants:Immigrants:People who went outreturned every year with
amonth holiday and theyhad to face some
medicalchecks.Destination:Destination:-Germany, Switzerland
andFrance.
22. Back Home 1975-1998Back Home 1975-1998Spanish people moving
tomore prosperous placesIn previous decades (50sand 60s) many
Spanishabandoned their homes,usually in rural andagricultural
regions tomigrate to moreprosperous Spanishareas and otherEuropean
countries inneed of workers.
23. Immigrant profileImmigrant profileMigrant profile
chartYoung men with littleeducation.They came from thepoorest
regions ofSpain:Andaluca,Galicia, Extremadura,Len, both
Castillasand Valencia.Mainly employed inbuilding and
industrialsectors.
24. Decline of immigration:Since 1973 emigrationto Europe
declined.The energy crisisbrought unemploymentso many
migrantsreturned.Also due to this crisisfrom 1975 manyemigrants
returned tocheaper life in ruralareas.
25. End of emigration:End of emigration:Spanish emigrationended
due to the energycrisis, border closuresand the modernization
ofSpain.The conomy was basedon construction andtourism, which
required alot of workers. In 2005,the country had createdabout
900,000 jobs, ofwhich about 40% wereoccupied by foreigners.
26. "Extremeos in the world""Extremeos in the world"(1975-
1990)(1975- 1990)Spanish peoplewaiting to go toOther countySpain
was again in crisis inthe 70s. Theunemployment rate raiseddue to
the economiccrisis, industrialrestructuring, and theprogressive
incorporationof women to theworkplace.
27. FEATURESFEATURESAll these emigrantsreturned to
Extremadurauntil 1985, and in 2000there was a balancebetween
emigration andimmigration.
28. Hello SPAIN!1998-2008Hello SPAIN!1998-2008
29. CausesCauses The cultural and linguistic identities Mild
climate Proximity to Africa Much better salaries
31. Economic ConsequencesEconomic ConsequencesPositive
economicconsequences: The arrival of the immigrantsat working age.
Almost half the jobs createdin recent years have beenoccupied by
foreign workers. Immigrants worked onsectors where there were
fewnational workers. immigrants working in the construction
32. Negative economic consequences:Negative economic
consequences:There are opinions that say immigration has
causeddistortions in the Spanish labor market.Illegal
immigrants
33. Sociocultural ConsequencesSociocultural Consequences More
cultural, religious and linguisticdiversity. Increase of
xenophobia. The perception of national security.March 21th is
theinternational day againstracism
34. Immigrant profileImmigrant profileIn 2001 44,95 %
immigrants were femaleand 55,05 % were male.
35. GenderGender There is a balancebetween male andfemale
immigrationrates. There are morewomen than menfrom South America.
More men thanwomen from Africancountries.
36. AgeAge The majority of people are atworking age. Non-EU
immigrants over 65have increased. The majority of EUimmigrants are
between 30and 64 years old. The majority of non-EUimmigrants are
between 20and 35 years old.
37. SectorsSectors The immigrants from UE areemployed in the
financial andcommercial sectors. The immigrants from SouthAmerica
are employed in thecatering and domesticservices. The population
from EasternEurope are employed in thebuilding trade.
38. DestinationDestination The number of immigrants from
WesternEurope is large. In the XXth century, due to the increase
ofinternational migration, the recipientcountries have developed
policies ofimmigration control. Illegal immigration has increased
with thearrival of people from poor countries.
39. ExtremaduraExtremadura From 2008 onwards the numberof
foreign immigrants inExtremadura explains thecurrent growth of
population. The number of immigrants inExtremadura represents
0,67%national rate and 3,2% total inExtremadura.
40. More quantitative dataMore quantitative dataUp to January
1st 2008 Spain had 5.22 million legalresidents, 5.1 of whom were
Europeans.EuropeAfricaSouth America0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00%
25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00%44.10%17.20%32.80%Spanish
Residents
41. Regions that received large numbers
ofimmigrantsCtaluaMadridValenciaAnadalucaCanarias0 0.05 0.1 0.15
0.2 0.250.210.190.160.120.05Numbers of Emigrants
42. Bill of rights and freedom ofBill of rights and freedom
offoreigners in Spainforeigners in SpainThis declaration
guarantees:education, dwelling, health, work and socialsecurity
rights,documentation and public participation,freedom of movement,
meeting and protest,syndication and strike, association,familiar
regrouping and protection againstdiscrimination acts.
43. Information from presssourcesOne of the most dramatic
situations related to illegalimmigration is faced by African
immigrants, as many ofthem lose their lives trying to cross from
Africa to thesouth of Spain. They leave the African coast in
smallboats, usually wooden boats or canoes, to reach theSpanish
coast of Andalucia and the Canary Islands.
44. "I soon learned that when youemigrate you lose the crutches
thathave supported you until then, youhave to start from scratch,
becausethe past is erased at a stroke andnobody cares where you
come from orwhat youve done before. (IsabelAllende) "
47. SUMMARY OF RESULTSSUMMARY OF RESULTSACCORDING TO FORM:Name
and type of source:Name of the article:Name of the
author:Percentage of text and image/images:Layout of
text/image:Summary:The text addresses to:Main ideas of the topic:Do
you agree with the authors point of view? Why? Why not?:Did the
article help you to understand the topic better?:Would you
recommend this article to a friend?:
48. SUMMARY OF RESULTSSUMMARY OF RESULTSACCORDING TO FORM:Most
articles belong to digital newspapers (El Pas, ABC) or websites
ofdifferent organizations or official governmental websites.They
are generally informative, so the authors opinion is not shown.
Infact, many of them have been written by the Editorial
Department.They contain from 50% to 25% image. They are normally
rather shockingto produce impact and draw the readers attention.We
would recommend them all to our friends: they give a lot
ofinformation about the present situation of youth migration and
help usto understand it.They generally address to all kinds of
people but focus on youngunemployed people who are looking for a
job.
49. SUMMARY OF RESULTSSUMMARY OF RESULTSACCORDING TO
CONTENTS:We have grouped the topics together intotwo main
fields:IMMIGRATION IN SPAINANDSPANISH EMIGRATION
50. No newspaper articles reporting movements inside
thecountry.Increasing tendency to emigrate to foreign
countries,mainly European ones.
51. IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATIONIN SPAININ SPAIN
52. IMMIGRATION IN SPAINTHE IMMIGRANTS DILEMMA:THE IMMIGRANTS
DILEMMA:To stay in Spain without money and job or to leaveSpain and
come back to their countries of originTHATS THE QUESTION!
53. Illegal immigration goes onexisting, although it shows
adecrease.IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
54. The irregular immigration has decreased 30% in Spain
in2012The number of undocumented immigrants who arrived in Spain in
2012 hasdecreased 30% as regards 2011, being more accused in
Canarias, followed bythe Peninsula and Baleares and Ceuta. However,
in the autonomous city ofMelilla the number of immigrants increased
up to 262.IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
55. Legal immigration has also beenreduced.Many immigrants
aregoing back to their countries.However, its increasing in
otherEuropean countries.IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
56. It is time to come back. In Romania we earn less butyou
live on less.Georgeta Prunean is thinking about coming back to
Romania due to the presentsituation in Spain.When she arrived,
eleven years ago, it was easier because there was no crisis,
but,due to the fall of the labor market, all has sunken because the
families with whom shewas working are also victims of the
crisis.They have debts to pay but in Romania they hope to live more
peacefully.IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
57. OECD: immigration increases en Europe except forSpain,
Italy and Sweden.The OECD annual inform shows a slight
increase.Final data are from 2010 but provides forecasts for2011.
One of them is referred to the Arab spring:requests for asylum grew
20% in 2011. In 2010,immigration decreased in 2.5%, whilst in
2011increased in Europe except for Spain, Italy andSweden.The
countries where most people emigrated wereChina, Romania, India and
Poland. Chineseimmigrants accounted for 10% of total arrivals
inOECD countries..IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
58. The hard conditions of immigrants inSpain are getting even
worse:criminalization of immigrants, massmedia contribution to
negativestereotypes, denial of access tocertain health services or
socialbenefits, corruption related to illegalimmigrationIMMIGRATION
IN SPAIN
59. Peruvian emigrants denounce theyre beingregarded as
criminalsPeruvians denounce they are being discriminated against. A
hundredrepresentatives of Peruvian immigrant organizations have met
in Lima toanalyse the problem and look for solutions.IMMIGRATION IN
SPAIN
60. Last August, Spain ignored 73 immigrants, sending them
backillegally to Morocco, where they were made to cross the border
withAlgeria without further ado, when in fact their luck
completelybelonged to Spain.
61. A PSC city councillor from Tarragona has resignedfrom his
post after being accused of illegalimmigrationA city councillor
fromTarragona has beenaccused by the Policebecause he has used
hisbusiness to regularizeillegal immigrants.Besides, the
investigatorsdiscovered that his sisterwas also
implicated.IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
62. The efforts made by someorganizations show solidarity
incontrast with all those who wantto profitIMMIGRATION IN
SPAIN
63. A policeman holds a baby who arrived inMelilla in a
dinghyThe text informs us about the recent arrival of a group of
39immigrants to Ceuta.IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN
64. Spain has reinforced controlon borders.IMMIGRATION IN
SPAIN
65. This year the number ofimmigrants who havecrossed the
border hasdiminished because of theMoroccan governments help,who
has reinforced theircontrol along the border.IMMIGRATION IN
SPAIN
66. Margallo thanks Mauritania for preventingsub-Saharans from
entering the CanaryIslandsJos Manuel Garca Margalllo hasthanked the
Mauritan authorities for theircontrol over immigration an for
theircontribution to the release of Spanishhostages.Mauritania also
participated in the releaseof three Catalans, welcomes Tuaregs
andArabs.Nowadays, the border between Mauritaniaand Mali is the
scene of an army thatfights against terrorism.IMMIGRATION IN
SPAIN
67. SPANISHSPANISHEMIGRATIONEMIGRATION
68. SPANISH EMIGRATIONSpanish people have to leave Spainbecause
there are not enough jobs.They are above all young peoplelooking
for their first job and middle-aged people who used to worked in
theconstruction sector but due to the crisisthey are unemployed
now.
69. Spanish young people lead emigrationin EuropeThe number of
Spanish emigrants has risen considerably since2008, which is a real
catastrophe. That is because of the increase ofunemployment.
Besides, there is a high percentage of young peoplewilling to
emigrate. All this has made Spain lead the emigration rate.SPANISH
EMIGRATION
70. Spanish emigration is related tounemployment.SPANISH
EMIGRATION
71. Spanish emigration grew more than 21% in2012.54.912 Spanish
people emigrated in 2012, most of them in September. Spain has
lost137.628 people.According to the Secretary of Immigration and
Emigration, young people emigratebecause of their adventurous
spirit. however, Spanish emigrants replied that they reallywent
abroad to look for a job.The president of the Spanish Federation of
Returned Emigrants said that 2012 was ayear marked by the little
help from the government, although they observe good willfrom the
authorities.SPANISH EMIGRATION
72. Formation as the key tosucceed in other countries.SPANISH
EMIGRATION
73. Lessons to leave SpainThe University of Alcala de Henares
is going to be the first in giving lessonsthat will help young
people to look for a job abroad. According to theNational Institute
of Statistics, more than 27.000 Spanish people left Spainbetween
January and March of 2012. These classes are almost self-financed,
students will have to pay 750 for three weeks.The most frequent
question is Will I get a job? Julia de Miguel, one of
thecoordinators of the initiative, answers that there is nothing
sure, but it is notimpossible.SPANISH EMIGRATION
74. International response to Spanishemigration is varied:
countriesoffering help versus those becomingstrict.SPANISH
EMIGRATION
75. Canada offers 1.000 work visas toyoung Spanish peopleCanada
offers 1.000 work visas to the Spanish young people between 18 and
35years old that can afford living there for one year. They should
have 1.850 andpay for their health insurance during their stay.
This work visas are offered tothose who want to know Canada during
12 months working, to students who wantto work there during the
summer and to professional young people who have awork offer or a
valid contract.SPANISH EMIGRATION
76. Switzerland wants to reduce the amount ofwork permits due
to the increasing flood ofSpanish and Portuguese workers.SPANISH
EMIGRATION
77. IRONICAL SITUATION:IRONICAL SITUATION:Spanish young people
now migrate toour immigrants countries of originSPANISH
EMIGRATION
78. SPANISH EMIGRATIONEcuador looks for unemployed doctors,
tourguides and teachers to contract them.Tourism Minister said
during his visit to Murcia that "in Latin America there aremore
opportunities than in Europe."
79. SourcesSourcesThe articles all were found in digital
newspapers:El PaisEl Diario ExteriorABCEl
EconomistaUNRICSoituEuroresidentesINECronicas de la
EmigracionMadrimasdEuropa PressEl PeriodicoDirigentes Digital
