INTRODUCTION TO BROADCASTING

“Broadcast”

“Broadcast”

Distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience.

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“Broadcast” Originally used

by farmers in the USA in referring to the sowing of seeds by scattering over a wide field.

Broadcasting Systems Institutional Public

Address Low-Powered

(“Narrowcasting”) National Radio & TV Satellite Radio & TV Internet Channels

Broadcasting Systems

Transmits non-verbal messages and music within a school or a hospital.

Institutional Public Address

Low-Powered (“Narrowcasting”)

National Radio & TV Satellite Radio & TV Internet Channels

Broadcasting Systems

Transmits signal to a small area like community radio stations.

Low-Powered (“Narrowcasting”)

National Radio & TV Satellite Radio & TV Internet Channels

Broadcasting Systems

Has nationwide coverage using transmitter towers, satellite systems, and cable distribution.

National Radio & TV Satellite Radio & TV Internet Channels

Broadcasting Systems

Wider areas such as entire continents.

Satellite Radio & TV Internet Channels

Broadcasting Systems

Distribute text or streamed music worldwide.

Various audio-video streaming host sites: stickam.com, ustream.tv, justintv, etc.

Internet Channels

(Live Streaming)

Broadcasting Systems

Programs on-demand. It is hosted by several podcasting sites such as podomatic.com, soundcloud.com, etc.

Podcast players can be embedded in blogs and websites and can be linked in social networks.

Internet Channels

(Podcasting)

Principles of Broadcasting

Principles of Broadcasting

Principles of Broadcasting

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Principles of Broadcasting

Principles of Broadcasting

Full cycle

Principles of Broadcasting

Principles of Broadcasting(Methods of Modulation)

Principles of Broadcasting(Methods of Modulation)

Frequency Spectrum

Broadcast Frequencies

AM Broadcast(300khz-3,000khz)

FM Radio & TV(30Mhz-300Mhz)

UHF TV Channels(300Mhz-3,000Mhz)

Broadcast FrequenciesFREQ. BAND FREQ. RANGE APPLICATION

Long Wave AM 148.5khz-283.5khz (LF) International Service

Medium Wave AM 530khz- 1710khz (MF) Commercial Service

Short Wave Band 3Mhz – 30Mhz (HF) Commercial Service

TV Band I (Ch.2 -6) 54Mhz – 88Mhz (VHF) Commercial Service

FM Radio Band II 88Mhz – 108Mhz (VHF) Commercial Service

TV Band III (Ch. 7 – 13) 174Mhz – 216Mhz (VHF)

Commercial Service

TV Bands IV & V (Ch. 14 – 69)

470Mhz – 806Mhz (UHF)

Commercial Service

Strengths of Broadcast Media

Impact: sight, sound motion “Theater of the mind”

Strengths of Broadcast Media

Emotion Maintains loyal audiences

Strengths of Broadcast Media

Personal and Intimatepresentation

Communication is direct and personal

Strengths of Broadcast Media

Immediacy Immediate

Strengths of Broadcast Media

Good builder of Reach Frequency builder

Strengths of Broadcast Media

Local and national Portable

Weaknesses of Broadcast Media

Crosses over to entertainment

Sound only

Weaknesses of Broadcast Media

Sensationalism Background (low attention)

Weaknesses of Broadcast Media

No time for accuracy Messages are short-lived

Weaknesses of Broadcast Media

Lacks of depth Low-reach

Requirements to Broadcast

It’s an authority

from the Phil.

government

issued to

companies that

use the

airwaves.

Requirements to Broadcast

Congressional FranchiseIt’s an authority

from the Phil.

government

issued to

companies that

use the

airwaves.

Requirements to Broadcast

Certificate of Public ConvenienceIt is issued by

the NTC to

show that a firm

is capable to

operate a

broadcasting

station or

network.

Requirements to Broadcast

Certificate of Public Convenience Audited Financial

Statements for the last 3 years

Economic Feasibility Study

Technical Feasibility Study

Permit to Purchase a Transmitter

Construction Permit