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Seminar History and Memory in American Literature and Culture Propaganda and American WWII Films #PropagandaWWII Propaganda and American WWII Films Sergio Mena @menasergio

Propaganda and American WWII Films

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Paper presented at Seminar of History and Memory in American Literature and Culture. Instituto Franklin. Universidad de Alcalá. 30th November 2013.

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  

Sergio  Mena  

@menasergio  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

USA  went  into  a  war  that  was  an  foreign  

matter  until  that  time.  Most  of  the  population  

did  not  feel  the  war  as  own.  It  was  necessary  

a  big  motivation  to  mobilize  men  and  involve  

people  on  that  task.  

@menasergio   2  

Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

They  were  a  mass  phenomena  at  that  

time.  The  one  who  could  control  them,  

could  also  manage  the  audience’s  will.  

@menasergio   3  

Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Controlled  film  policy.  It  produced  educational  documents  to  teach  

some  customs  adapted  to  the  needs  of  war  and  to  convince  that  the  

war  was  necessary.  Its  goals  were  to  coordinate  the  release  of  war  

news  for  domestic  use  using  posters  and  radio  broadcasters,  to  

promote  patriotism,  to  warn  on  foreign  spies  and  to  try  to  recruit  

women  for  rearward  works  and  men  for  the  front,  specially  

afroamericans.  

@menasergio   4  

Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Features  

1.  To  launch  patriotic  messages  inside  USA    

2.  To  involve  afroamerican  population  in  war  

3.  To  show  the  enemy  like  an  animal  

4.  To  rise  moral  up  so  at  battlefield  like  at  home  

@menasergio   5  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

How  

-­‐  Creating  own  documentaries  

-­‐  Encouraging  Hollywood  to  film  movies  on  that  topic  

-­‐  Censoring  major's  productions  

@menasergio   6  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Rules  

-­‐  Psychological  Strategy  Board  

-­‐  Government  Information  Manual  for  the  Motion  Picture  

Industry  

-­‐  Militant  Liberty  Program  

@menasergio   7  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

To  control    everything  

Celebrities  were  used  as  a  

linked  image  between  

Armed  Forces  and  society  

@menasergio   8  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

To  control    everything  

Posters  were  used  as  a  

mean  of  popular  war  

measures  teaching  

@menasergio   9  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

To  control    everything  

Advices  paid  attention  

to  spies  over  USA  

@menasergio   10  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   11  

“The  World  at  War”  (1942)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   12  

“With  The  Marines  at  Tarawa”  (1944)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   13  

Don't  Kill  your  Friends  (1943)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

There  were  others  United  States  Army  Special  Service  Division  (USASSD)  

 United  States  Army  Signal  Corps  (USASC)  

War  Activities  Committee  of  the  Motion  Pictures  Industry    

(WACMPI)  

United  States  Department  of  War  (USDW)  

@menasergio   14  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Hollywood  Goes  Into  War  

Its  already  global  market  was  in  danger  

Jewish  businessmen  controlled  entertainment  

industry  

 American  pride  was  wounded  in  Pearl  Harbor  

 @menasergio   15  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   16  

“This  is  the  Army”  (Michael  Curtiz,  1943)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   17  

“Submarine  Alert”  (Frank  McDonald,  1943)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   18  

“Why  We  Fight”  (Frank  Capra,  1942)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Features  

The  Hero  

 

@menasergio   19  

The  Villain  

 

Values  

 

Dangers  

 

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

List  of  Masterpieces      

The  Battle  of  Midway  (John  Ford,  1942)      

Bombardier  (Richard  Wallace,  1943)    

Bataan  (Tay  Garnett,  1943)      

Behind  the  Rising  Sun  (Edward  Dmytryk,  1943)      

So  Proudly  We  Hail!  (Mark  Sandrich,  1943)    

Guadalcanal  Diary  (Lewis  Seiler,  1943)    

Cry  'Havoc'  (Richard  Thorpe,  1943)    

Destination  Tokyo  (Delmer  Daves,  1943)    

@menasergio   20  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

War  Ends.  War  Begins  OWI  was  closed  in  1945  but  Cold  War  begins  against  

Communism  

WWII  becomes  a  pattern  where  to  praise  old  heroic  

deeds  to  face  new  challenges      

@menasergio   21  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

List  of  Masterpieces      

The  Best  Years  of  Our  Lives  (1946)  

From  here  to  eternity  (1953)  

The  Guns  of  Navarone  (1961)  

The  Longest  Day  (1962)  

The  Great  Escape  (1963)  

The  Heroes  of  Telemark  (1965)  

The  Dirty  Dozen  (1967)  

Tora!  Tora!  Tora!  (1970)  

 @menasergio   22  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   23  

“From  Here  To  Eternity”  (Fred  Zinnemann,  1953)  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Vietnam  War  is  a  hard  milestone.    

Public  Opinion  vows  against  War  

Hollywood  changes  its  vision  

@menasergio   24  

Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

@menasergio   25  

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Seminar  History  and  Memory  in  American  Literature  and  Culture  Propaganda  and  American  WWII  Films  #PropagandaWWII  

Conclusions  1.  Films  were  used  as  a  Propaganda  weapon  during  the  war  

2.  Once  it  finished,  another  sutil  war  began  where  Films  about  

WWII  also  contained  indirectly  Propaganda  with  new  

purposes  

3.  As  XX  Century  went  by,    Films  about  WWII  changed  its  point  

of  view  

@menasergio   26