33
PRESENTED BY:- AKHILESH UIKAY CLASS 10 TH ’B’ ELEMENT:-”HELIUM”……

PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

PRESENTED BY:- AKHILESH UIKAYCLASS 10TH’B’

ELEMENT:-”HELIUM”……

Page 2: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM
Page 3: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

The Noble Gases• Group 18 Elements -Helium -Neon -Argon -Krypton -Xenon -Radon• Helium is used to fill

balloons.• Neon signs contain

noble gases.

Page 4: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

A Ballooning Crisis: Technical and Policy

Recommendations on the Helium Shortage

Page 5: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium Shortage OverviewHelium Shortage Overview• Helium shortage existed since 2006Helium shortage existed since 2006• Helium has numerous applicationsHelium has numerous applications• Federal Helium Reserve Program Federal Helium Reserve Program

has existed since the 1960shas existed since the 1960s• Current legislation may determine Current legislation may determine

the future of this finite resourcethe future of this finite resource

Page 6: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium HistoryHelium History• Interest began in WWI for defenseInterest began in WWI for defense• Continued use of Helium after WWI lead Continued use of Helium after WWI lead

to the formation of the Bush Dome to the formation of the Bush Dome Reservoir/Federal Helium Reserve Reservoir/Federal Helium Reserve ProgramProgram

• People lost interest in helium towards the People lost interest in helium towards the end of the 1900’s, but it has since end of the 1900’s, but it has since regained importance for science and regained importance for science and technology.technology.

Page 7: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Uniqueness of HeliumUniqueness of Helium• Liquefies at lower temperature than Liquefies at lower temperature than

all other elementsall other elements66

• Chemically inertChemically inert• Highest specific heat capacity of any Highest specific heat capacity of any

gaseous elementgaseous element• Invisible- cannot be rendered Invisible- cannot be rendered

radioactiveradioactive77

Page 8: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Uses of HeliumUses of Helium

Page 9: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM
Page 10: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM
Page 11: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium ApplicationsHelium ApplicationsDaily Life Applications:Daily Life Applications:

• LCD screen manufacturing-used to make LCD screen manufacturing-used to make sleeve for glass tube in fiber opticssleeve for glass tube in fiber optics

• Welding for specialty metals- chemical Welding for specialty metals- chemical inertness and high heat capacityinertness and high heat capacity

• Processing of semiconductor phone chips- Processing of semiconductor phone chips- cryogenic use and to flush the vesselscryogenic use and to flush the vessels

Page 12: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium in HealthcareHelium in Healthcare• Helium used as coolant for magnet Helium used as coolant for magnet

in Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) technologytechnology

• ~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 ~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs at GE Healthcare alone are MRI jobs at GE Healthcare alone are MRI specificspecific88

Page 13: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

During shortage, many patients During shortage, many patients will wait for necessary scanswill wait for necessary scans

Page 14: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium in DefenseHelium in Defense• Defense is where it all began and continues Defense is where it all began and continues

helium’s use as a lifting gashelium’s use as a lifting gas• Safer than hydrogen as it is less flammableSafer than hydrogen as it is less flammable• Previously used for air travel, currently Previously used for air travel, currently

used for observation in blimps and balloonsused for observation in blimps and balloons• Helium-3 is used in neutron detectors at Helium-3 is used in neutron detectors at

bordersborders

Page 15: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

DOI-BLM. <http://www.blm.gov/nm/st/en/prog/energy/helium/federal_helium_program.html>.

Page 16: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

LegislationLegislation1996 Helium Privatization Act1996 Helium Privatization Act44

• Based on debt to National TreasuryBased on debt to National Treasury• Required sell-off of helium at flat Required sell-off of helium at flat

raterate• Price mandated by government, not Price mandated by government, not

marketmarket• Did not accurately predict future Did not accurately predict future

uses of heliumuses of helium

Page 17: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Upcoming LegislationUpcoming Legislation2012 Helium Stewardship Act2012 Helium Stewardship Act55

• Allows Federal Helium Reserve to remain Allows Federal Helium Reserve to remain self-sustainable without government self-sustainable without government appropriationsappropriations

• Government phase out- no longer Government phase out- no longer regulates pricesregulates prices

• Slow phase out will allow for time to form Slow phase out will allow for time to form new mines and keep market from a new mines and keep market from a monopoly.monopoly.

Page 18: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium’s FutureHelium’s Future• As applications increase the Federal Helium As applications increase the Federal Helium

Reserve must remain operational- swift Reserve must remain operational- swift passage of S.2374passage of S.2374

• House companion billHouse companion bill• New plants should be createdNew plants should be created• Reuse technology should be encouraged Reuse technology should be encouraged

and mandated for large companiesand mandated for large companies• Possible areas for public awarenessPossible areas for public awareness

Page 19: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?

Page 20: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

OverviewOverview

Helium-3 Background What Is it…Where Is it Found? How Do We get it?

Current Energy Demands U.S. Global

Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Energy Other Energy Alternatives He3 Global Implications He3 Economic Implications Way Ahead Conclusion

Page 21: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It?What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It? He3 is naturally produced through fusion in the sun Settles on the moon’s surface

Earths atmosphere repels He3 from settling on its surface

He3 combined with deuterium produces energy There is 10 times more energy in He3 than in all of the fossil fuels on Earth (oil, coal, natural gas)

Page 22: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM
Page 23: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Helium-3…How Do We Get It?Helium-3…How Do We Get It?

Artist's rendition of He3 mining machine

Using direct sun energy, He3 particles will then be heated to about 1400 degrees

1400 degrees is the required temperature to convert He3 to usable energy

Transport energy to Earth Microwave shot or via spacecraft

Page 24: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

He3 is not a proven concept but has potential

Estimated 30 – 50 years before Earth could use He3 Increased funding would decrease timeline

Much research and work remains

What’s appealing about He3? Abundance of energy Clean energy

What’s unappealing? Unproven technology Costly R&D / production

Page 25: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

United States Energy UseUnited States Energy Use

U.S. spends about $440 billion annually for energy Consumes about 6.2B barrels of oil per year Consumes about 965M tons of coal per year Energy needs expected to increase over the next 25 years

Page 26: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Global Energy UseGlobal Energy Use World oil consumption is expected to grow by 1.3 million bbl/d in both 2008 and 2009 Projected 50% increase in energy requirements by 2030

China/India represent 45% of the increase

World coal usage approx 5.3 B tons

Expected to increase by 2.2B every year through 2025

Page 27: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising Concerns Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising Concerns

OilOil• Some speculation of “peak oil” in Some speculation of “peak oil” in 40-50 years40-50 years• Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues• Geopolitical factorsGeopolitical factors• Rising costsRising costs

Natural gasNatural gas• North American natural gas at North American natural gas at or near peakor near peak• Alaska / other continents gas Alaska / other continents gas resources costly to transportresources costly to transport

CoalCoal• Est. 275 years of resourcesEst. 275 years of resources

• Environmental issues Environmental issues

NuclearNuclear• Radioactive wasteRadioactive waste

• Replace aging reactorsReplace aging reactors• Public health hazard Public health hazard

Page 28: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

HydrogenHydrogen

WindWind

Bio-dieselBio-diesel

EthanolEthanol

SolarSolar

Current /Emerging Energy AlternativesCurrent /Emerging Energy Alternatives

FusionFusion

HydroHydro

Page 29: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Global ImplicationsGlobal Implications

Page 30: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

U.S.U.S.

• Return to moon 2020Return to moon 2020• Establish Moon BaseEstablish Moon Base• Moon Mining?Moon Mining?

RussiaRussia

• Manned moon Manned moon mission--2022mission--2022• Mining by 2030Mining by 2030

ChinaChina

• Man on moon by 2024Man on moon by 2024• Moon Mining?Moon Mining?

IndiaIndia• Various Space InitiativesVarious Space Initiatives

European UnionEuropean Union• FranceFrance• GermanyGermanyU.N. & Rest of the WorldU.N. & Rest of the World

Global Global ImplicationsImplications

Page 31: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Questions?Questions?

Page 32: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM

Global Implications: Existing Space TreatiesGlobal Implications: Existing Space Treaties

Outer Space Treaty -- 1967Outer Space Treaty -- 1967

Moon Agreement -- 1984Moon Agreement -- 1984

Additional treaties, agreements and Additional treaties, agreements and international law requiredinternational law required

Page 33: PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM