ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture

their energy from existing flows of energy, from

on-going natural processes, such as sunshine,

wind, flowing water, biological processes, and

geothermal heat flows.

RENEWABLE

TECHNOLOGY Capturing renewable energy by

plants, animals and humans does not

permanently deplete the resource,

though there is a price for the system.

Fossil fuels, while theoretically

renewable on a very long time-scale,

are exploited at rates that may deplete

these resources in the near future.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE SOURCES FOSSIL SOURCES

SOLAR RADIATION

WIND, BIOMASS, HYDRO COAL, LIGNITE

PETROLEUM

NATURAL GAS

ENERGY SOURCES

RENEWABLE SOURCES?

• REDUCE ENVRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATE GLOBAL WARMING.

WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL SOURCES WITH

_,,....----,( food & ,neans to prepare it )

,-------1 drinking & irrigation water

IMPROVE ACCESS

OF POOR TO

ASSETS, GOODS

& SERVICES

shelter - sanitation

health-care

'----.::�---===::::::::::::::::::::_j LITERACY & E

DUCATl ON

EMPLOYMENT, LIVELYHOOD

What can RET do for rural Areas?

SOURCES WITH SOURCES?

RENEWABLE

• MAKE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE.

• ENERGY OF LIGHT,WIND AND FLOWING

WATER AND ENERGY STORED IN

BIOMASS: EXPLOIT INTELLIGENTLY-

EVEN IF DISPERSED, & INTERMITTENT

THEY ARE RENEWED.

• CONSERVE FOSSIL FUELS

WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL

India clear year.

receives 300 • sunny days in a This is far more

than the total energy consumption of this country in a year.

Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) power in households, telecommunications, defence, railways and others.

•

SOLAR RADIATION

DIRECT SUN POWER

Manufacturing •

• low-cost solar PV cells/modules

• Standard SPV power

packs for supply of

electricity

Solar Photovoltaics:

Technology Transfer

• Indian PV industry has the

technology for the PV

modules and is able to

manufacture the silicon

solar cells, PV modules

and PV systems.

Solar Photovoltaics : POWER FROM SUN

• Widely employed

in India are

Non-grid thermal

technologies:

• solar

• solar

• solar

water heating,

cookers,

air heating.

Solar Thermal

• State Government extended subsidy for installation of solar water heating system in some of the institutions including Government hospitals, hostels etc.

• For the year 2004-05, Government has sanctioned Rs.15.00 lakhs for installation of 24-Nos. of 1000 LPD systems under subsidy and 12-Nos. of 500 LPD systems in Government Institutions with full cost.

Solar Thermal: Tamil Nadu

• Government of Tamil Nadu sanctioned an

amount of Rs.4.61 lakhs for providing subsidy

for drying of various products, for a total

capacity of 440 m² during 2003-04. Two

systems for a total capacity of 168 m2 have

been installed. The balance of works is under

implementation.

Solar air heating system

• Dish type cookers for

10 to 15 persons and

steam cooking for more

number of persons

using solar thermal

energy have also been

developed. MNES, GOI

provides subsidy upto 50% of cost.

Solar cookers:

WIND POWER India is the fifth largest wind

power producer in the world.

•

It has a wind power

generation capacity of 3,595

MW.

•

The wind potential in India:

[estimated] 45, 000 MW.

•

Almost 6.5 billion units of

electricity have been fed to

various state grids from

•

wind power projects.

Fiscal & promotional incentives:

Concessional import

duty on specified wind

turbine parts.

80 percent accelerated

depreciation.

Customs and Excise duty relief; Loans through IREDA. Tax holiday for power

generation projects

WIND POWER

the area, a wind turbine rated in the range

sMALL

WIND

EsNvEs

���s

of 5 to 15 kW would be required to make

significant contribution to about

830 kWh per month).

a

• A 1.5- kW wind turbine will meet the needs of a home requiring 300

kWh per

month in a location with a 14-mile-per-hour

(6.26-meters-per-second) annual

average wind speed.

• Depending on the average wind speed in

• Wind Assessment studies identified places having

wind speed of more than 18 kmph. Demonstration

wind farms for a total capacity of 19 MW were set by

Tamil Nadu Electricity Board in stages from among

the 41 identified places. Following this starting from

the first private sector wind farm in Tamil Nadu

during 1990, large numbers were installed.

WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-1

• Wind power projects at the capacity of 1664

MW as on 31.12.2004 have been set up in 20

areas through private sector. This constitutes

more than 50% of the installed capacity in the

country. Though the target fixed for Tenth

Five Year Plan (2002-2007) is 500 MW, total

additional capacity made in the first three

years (April 2002 to Dec.2004) is 807 MW.

WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-2

Biomass Power

• The applications of biomass energy: thermal

or heat, mechanical water pumping for

irrigation and power generation [IGCC]

including village electrification and industrial

applications.

Gasifiers • At one end is advanced bagasse cogeneration, for

which the government launched a program to tap

the 3500 MW cogeneration potential of India’s cane

sugar industry – the largest in

the world.

• At the other end of the scale are small-scale

biomass gasifiers, to substitute for diesel fuel in

village power installations, providing health,

environmental, and employment benefits for rural

communities.

BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration &

A National Programme on Biomass Power/Cogeneration

with four components, is implemented to tap the large

biomass potential. These four components are:

§ biomass gasification for energy,

§ biomass/bagasse-based co- generation,

§ research and development and,

§ biomass resource assessment.

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BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration & Gasifiers

Co-generation • The scheme for producing steam from bagasse high

pressure boilers in sugar mills and generating electricity

for export of surplus power to TNEB and using the low

pressure steam after power generation for process has

been successfully implemented in Tamil Nadu and other

sugar-cane growing States..

T.N.: BIO ENERGY SYSTEMS:

An estimated potential of about 15,000 MW of SHP exists in India.

SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS

• MNES currently has a database of 4,233 potential sites with an aggregate capacity

10,071 MW for projects upto 25 MW.

of

• From 1989 to 1993, the thrust was on

setting up of demonstration projects in

States to regenerate interest of State

Governments/ SEBs to set up SHP projects.

For this purpose capital subsidy of up to 50%

of the cost of project subject to a maximum of

Rs. 2.50 crores per MW was provided.

SMALL HYDRO POWER

• For SHP, main thrust areas: • 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Nation-wise small hydro resource assessment Encouragement to commercial SHP projects

SHP projects

States to exploit small hydro potential

mills

Renovation and modernization of old

Special incentives to North-Eastern

Development and up-gradation of water

Industry based research and development

Small hydropower development-1

• 150 MW Kopili Hydro Electric Project –

Assam – commissioned.

• 405 MW Ranganadi (Arunachal Pradesh) &

75 MW Doyang (Nagaland) Hydro Electric

Projects – under implementation.

• Also funded a large number of micro-hydel

and non-conventional energy schemes

Small hydropower development-2

devices/systems • Biogas plants,

• Improved cooking stoves,

• Biomass conversion plants,

• Solar energy conversion systems

power, Thermal),

• Wind energy electric systems,

• Small hydro power,

(Cooker, PV

• Other new and emerging technologies

Major renewable energy

Systems designed with RE sources should meet the same performance standards as those based on fossil sources besides being environmentally safe and sustainable.

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Systems are to be suitable for operation rural areas, meeting their needs.

Poverty elimination and economic development are to be the benefits of using these systems.

in •

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EVOLVE ‘RET’ STANDARDS

technology • limited information,

• lack of technical skills and

• institutional capacity,

• prohibitive costs, and

• inaccessibility to technology.

• Trained staff are needed at the

professional level technical and

Barriers to adopt renewable energy

• Trained staff are needed at the technical and

professional levels to meet the current and

expected increase in jobs.

• With the knowledge and skills to develop,

promote and implement new methods of

sustainable energy production, they can

• improve the efficiency of existing systems

and appliances.

RET manpower training: a felt need

• Specialized technical institutions meant to

provide services for testing and

standardization of the devices, are sponsored

by MNES. These institutions are also

engaged in constant up gradation of the

production technology and improve the

operational efficiency of these devices.

Specialised Technical Institutions

solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems.

2. Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-

WET) deals with wind energy.

3. Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute

of Renewable Energy (SSSNIRE) will look

after all other renewable energy areas.

1. Solar Energy Centre (SEC) is devoted to