Recap:What causes revolutions?

French Revolution

• Why? absolutism, hunger, debts and philosophers

• Who? King Louis XVI & “Madame Deficit”, USA!, Robespierre, peasants & middle class

French Rev.: Effects/Significance

• new form of gov. (temporarily)

• ends feudalism; people gain rights

• bloodshed! Great Fear and Reign of Terror

• serves as an example for other nations

• changes balance of power in Europe

Mexican Revolution 1910-20• Why? Dictator Diaz and land

• Who? Madero, Zapata, and Villa

• “tierra y libertad”

Effects/Significance

• big move towards democracy

• rights for the masses

• land reform

• change in relationship w/ the United States

• Why? “Peace, Land and Bread”

• Who? Nicholas II, Bolsheviks, Lenin, and Stalin

Russian Revolution

Effects/Significance

• Communism

• five year plans

• WW II

• Cold War

Chinese Revolutions

• Why? emperor, nationalism, lack of land ownership, and concentration of wealth

• Who? Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong, Red Guard, and peasants

Effects/Significance• communism!

• socioeconomic reforms

• Great Leap Forward

• Cultural Revolution

• Korean War

• death of millions!!!

Indian Revolution

• Why? British imperialism and desire to protect culture and resources

• Who? Gandhi, Nehru and the Indian National Congress

Effects/Significance

• Beginning of the end of British Imperialism

• India regains independence

• leads to the creation of Pakistan & Bangladesh

Cuban Revolution

• Why? Dictator Fulgencio Batista and the U.S. gov.

• HUGE gap between the rich and poor

• Who? Fidel Castro, Ernesto “Che” Guevara and peasants

Effect/Significance

• Communism

• fear of ”another Cuba”

• revolutionary icons

• C.I.A. operations

• Cuban Missile Crisis!

South Africa

• Cause: apartheid, self-rule, individual political and economic rights, int’l pressure

• Who? Nelson Mandela, ANC, F.W. deKlerk

• violent and nonviolent protests

Effects/Significance• End of the legacy of imperialism in S. Africa

• everyone can vote!

• equality!

• Nobel Peace Prizes

• no retribution

What Causes Revolutions?

• land (Russia, Mexico, Cuba, France)

• hunger (Russia, China, Mexico, France)

• end of dictators/monarchy (Russia, Cuba, China, Mexico, France)

• self rule/determination (Cuba, India, S. Africa)

• ideology (Russia, China, Cuba, France, S. Africa)

• desire for peace (Russia)