© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S

R E S E R V E D .

“ … i f a b u l l e t d e s t r o y e d y o u r c r a n i u m ,l i k e w i s e y o u r i d e a d e s t r o y e d a n e m p i r e . ”

Cecilio Apostol

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

A CONTROVERSIAL DOCUMENT THAT RETRACTS:

• WORDS• WRITINGS• PUBLICATIONS• CONDUCT

THAT HAS BEEN CONTRARY TO RIZAL’S CHARACTER AS A CHILD OF GOD.

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

A CONTROVERSIAL DOCUMENT THAT RETRACTS:

• WORDS• WRITINGS• PUBLICATIONS• CONDUCT

THAT HAS BEEN CONTRARY TO RIZAL’S CHARACTER AS A CHILD OF GOD.

ABOMINATES MASONRY AS AN ENEMY OF THE CHURCH

• MASONS: FORGED RETRACTION

• CATHOLICS: GENUINE RETRACTION

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

N o l i M e Ta n g e r eV S

E l F i l i b u s t e r i s m o

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

Noli Me Tangere• R O M A N T I C N O V E L• “ W O R K O F T H E

H E A R T ”• “ B O O K O F

F E E L I N G ”• I T H A S :

• F R E S H N E S S• C O L O R• H U M O R• L I G H T N E S S• W I T

El Filibusterismo• P O L I T I C A L N O V E L• “ W O R K O F T H E

H E A D ”• “ B O O K O F

T H O U G H T ”• C O N TA I N S :

• B I T T E R N E S S• H AT R E D• P A I N• V I O L E N C E• S O R R O W

NOLI FILI38

64

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

M.H. DEL PILAR

JOSE RIZ

ALRETANA

BLUMENTRITT

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

DR. RAFAEL PALMA

NOLI FILI

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

NOLI&FILI

• HISTORY’S POV: GOOD NOVEL

• WITH REALISTIC COLORS: ACTUAL CONDITIONS OF PHILIPPINES & FILIPINOS DURING SPANISH RULE

• INSTRUMENTAL: FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• PAVED WAY: PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION >> SPAIN’S DOWNFALL

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

“ … i t i s r e a l l y m a r v e l o u s l i k e a l l t h eb r i l l i a n t p r o d u c t i o n s o f y o u r p e n . I t ’ s aT R U E T W I N o f N o l i . ”

Mariano Ponce

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

S O U R C E ( S ) :• J O S E R I Z A L : L I F E ,

W O R K S A N D W R I T I N G S O F A G E N I U S , W R I T E R , S C I E N T I S T A N D N A T I O N A L H E R O / B Y G R E G O R I O F . Z A I D E ; S O N I A M . Z A I D E – 2 N D E D ( Q U E Z O N C I T Y , P H I L I P P I N E S : A L L -N A T I O N S P U B L I S H I N G C O . , I N C . C 1 9 9 9 )

• P H O T O S :• G R A B B E D F R O M

G O O G L E I M A G E S E A R C H : “ R I Z A L E X E C U T I O N ” , “ S P A N I S H M I L I T A R Y B A N D ” , A N D “ N O L I M E T A N G E R E A N D E L F I L I B U S T E R I S M O . ”

• E D I T E D T H R O U G H :

H A L F T O N E P H O T O C O M I C

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞ g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o m A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .

© 2 0 1 2 S H Y R A G A I L S U M A G U E ∞M A P Ú A I N S T I T U T E O F

T E C H N O L O G Y( M A N I L A , P H I L I P P I N E S )g a i l s h y r a . t u m b l r . c o mA L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .